Elimination of Methanol and Ethanol by Biofiltration: An Experimental Study

This study presents the experimental results obtained during long-term operation of two biofilters treating two alcohols: methanol and ethanol. The biofilters used for this purpose were previously packed with a compost material made from tobacco processing residues. The alcohols concentrations tested lay between 0.40 and 3.20 g/m³ for methanol, and 0.55 and 5.05 g/m³ for ethanol. The empty bed residence time in each biofilter was 60 s. Biofilter inlet loads of less than 190 and 300 g/m³/h for the methanol and ethanol additions respectively, were thereafter evaluated. In addition, the concentrations of nutrient nitrogen were also varied, from 0.1 to 2.0 g-N/l and from 0.3 to 11.3 g-N/l for the ethanol and the methanol, respectively. The results thus obtained have made it possible to select the optimal nitrogen concentrations which, for the cases examined, turn out to be 0.3 g-N/l and between 2 and 3.8 g-N/l for the ethanol and methanol substrates, respectively. The maximum elimination capacities obtained in this study were 82 and 150 g/m³/h, respectively for the methanol and ethanol cases. It was therefore concluded that, for a readily biodegradable compound such as ethanol, the nitrogen requirement is substantially lower than that needed for the methanol degradation, the latter appearing to be more difficult to degrade biologically under similar operating conditions. The production rate of the co-product carbon dioxide during methanol and ethanol biofiltration was also investigated. Also, a good correlation was found to exist between the temperature and the conversion achieved in the biofilter.     

Long term changes in atmospheric N and S throughfall deposition and effects on soil solution chemistry in a Scots pine forest in the Netherlands

In a Scots pine forest the throughfall deposition and the chemical composition of the soil solution was monitored since 1984. (Inter)national legislation measures led to a reduction of the deposition of nitrogen and sulphur. The deposition of sulphur has decreased by approximately 65%. The total mineral-nitrogen deposition has decreased by ca. 25%, which is mainly due to a reduction in ammonium-N deposition (−40%), since nitrate-N deposition has increased (+50%). The nitrogen concentration in the upper mineral soil solution at 10 cm depth has decreased, leading to an improved nutritional balance, which may result in improved tree vitality. In the drainage water at 90 cm depth the fluxes of NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻ have decreased, resulting in a reduced leeching of accompanying base cations, thus preserving nutrients in the ecosystem. It may take still several years, however, before this will meet the prerequisite of a sustainable ecosystem.     

湿式除尘脱硫装置的循环喷淋洗涤液PH值的控制

介绍湿工脱硫使用的几种硫剂的净化原理及脱硫剂制备和吸收液的ＰＨ值控制值,采用ＮａＯＨ－Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２作为脱硫吸收液在研制高效导旋除尘脱硫净化的实际运行情况,对湿式脱硫吸收液ＰＨ值控制具有借鉴作用。     

常熟-太仓M5.1地震精定位及震源机制解

通过定位模型、定位方法和地震震相的合理选择 ,采用更加合理的台网布局的地震资料 ,对1990年 2月 10日常熟M 5 1地震进行了精定位 ,得到更为精确、合理的该地震三要素。通过对原震源机制解的复核 ,原定结果可以不变     

对流云云中酸化的数值模拟——Ⅰ.模式建立和初步结果

发展了一维半、时变、微物理过程参数化处理的对流云云雨酸化的物理-化学模式,较为全面地考虑了污染气体向液水的质量传输过程以及液相化学反应动力学过程.通过初步模拟发现,垂直上升气流会很快把低层高浓度SO_τ气体输送到云的上层,从而使酸化过程得到加强;云滴与雨滴微物理结构的不同,对污染气体的吸收影响很大,小的云滴比雨滴更易酸化,云、雨水对污染气体的吸收和云、雨水的比含水量有关.因对流云云内外交换强烈,液水吸收掉的污染气体量相对于环境场而言是很小的.     

金在热液中的地球化学性质实验研究

通过近百次实验研究表明，金在水热条件下的地球化学行为具有以下几个特点：金在氧化条件下溶解，还原条件下沉淀；金在高温下溶解，低温下沉淀；金在碱性或酸性溶液中溶解，在中性溶液中沉淀；金在低压下溶解，在高压下沉淀；随着fs八的增加，金的溶解度随之增加；金可以[An（HS）4]、[Au（HS）2]-、[Au（Cl4）]、[Au（Cl2）]-等络合物形式存在于热液中；在热液中金普遍以An3＋的络合物形式存在，Aul＋的络合物形式次之，随着温度的升高，热液中Au1＋的含量明显增加。     

酸性溶液中铝-氟反应动力学

研究了酸性溶液中铝氟反应的动力学，结果表明，铝氟之间的反应速率随温度和ｐＨ的升高而增加．低ｐＨ下以Ａｌ３＋＋Ｆ－＝ＡｌＦ２＋反应为主，较高ｐＨ下由于ＡｌＯＨ２＋参与反应及ＯＨ－的催化作用，反应速率加快．在铝的浓度比氟过量１０倍的情况下，铝氟之间的反应可以用一级反应动力学方程来拟合，即为假一级反应．当ｐＨ＜３８时，柠檬酸和草酸的存在使反应速度加快，而当ｐＨ＞３８时，有机酸使铝氟反应速度变慢．有机酸在不同的ｐＨ下存在不同的作用机制．     

萃取法由废催化剂制取钼酸铵

用季胺盐作萃取剂，采用一级萃取回收废催化剂中的钼，其钼回收率可达９０％，反萃液可直接得到四钼酸铵，工艺简单，操作方便，具有显著的经济效益和一定的环境效益。     

正交设计法在刺叶墙藓土培中的应用

采用正交设计,研究了新疆的一种荒漠苔藓——刺叶墙藓的最适生长条件,包括最适基质、最适生长温度及最佳培养液的筛选。结果表明,5℃(8h)～15℃(16h)的温度,田土+砂+营养土的基质,最适合刺叶墙藓的生长;培养液的种类对其生长的影响并不明显。     

云南个旧锡矿床成因研究综述

从成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征及地质发展史出发,依据矿石光片鉴定及鲕状黄铁矿电子探针分析,综合分析前人提出的岩浆热液成矿和热水沉积成矿的证据,认为个旧锡多金属矿床既存在热水沉积成矿作用,又有岩浆热液成矿作用,为热水沉积-岩浆热液叠生矿床。