萃取法预处理间二硝基苯生产废水

间二硝基苯生产废水中含有邻硝基苯磺酸和对硝基横酸，采用三辛胺－煤油作萃取剂对其进行萃取处理，在最佳工艺条件下，经过三级萃取，废水的COD去除率达95％以上，硝基物去除率达98％以上，萃取剂用NaOH水溶液处理后可循环使用。     

Extraction of arsenic in a synthetic arsenic-contaminated soil using phosphate

An environment-friendly and cost-effective extraction method has been studied for the removal of arsenic from contaminated soil. A yellow-brown forest soil was contaminated with arsenic(V) and used as a model soil. Among various potassium and sodium salts, potassium phosphate was most effective in extracting arsenic, attaining more than 40% extraction in the pH range of 6–8 with minimum damage to the soil properties. Exchange mechanism is proposed for the extraction of arsenic from soil by phosphate. Sequential extraction shows that phosphate is effective in extracting arsenic of Al- and Fe-bound forms. Arsenic of residual form was not extracted. Arsenic was efficiently extracted by phosphate solution of pH 6.0 at 300 mM phosphate concentration and at 40°C.     

Porous cups for pesticides monitoring in soil solution — Laboratory tests

In this study, preliminary tests were conducted aiming to validate the use of ceramic porous cup for collecting soil water samples and monitoring pesticides contents, as usually made for nitrates. Interactions between porous cup and pesticides were examined under different experimental conditions for three herbicides (atrazine, isoproturon, 2,4-D) and one insecticide (carbofuran).

The results showed that ceramic was not inert for pesticides : as much as 80% of the applied pesticide could be retained during the flowing of the first tenth milliliters of solution. Interactions were attributed to sorption and “screening” of molecules by the porous walls and were related to the ionic character of pesticides. However, retention was not irreversible, since pesticides were quickly released by rinsing with distilled water.

After these tests, porous ceramic cups could be considered as suitable samplers for pesticide determinations in soil solution, contingent on gaining further informations about soil - porous cup - pesticide interactions.     

Fe2+EDTA液相对NO的络合作用

对Fe~(2 )EDTA溶液络合NO过程的影响因素的探讨,是“液相络合-铁还原-酸吸收”回收法脱除烟气中NOx技术研究的基础。用鼓泡反应器和模拟烟气,在实验室研究了Fe2 EDTA溶液络合NO的过程,探讨了Fe2 EDTA溶液络合NO过程的影响因素,以及该过程的反应平衡常数。结果表明:Fe2 EDTA溶液对NO的络合能力随时间延长而减弱;Fe2 EDTA溶液对NO的络合容量随着烟气中O2含量的增加和络合温度的升高而降低,随络合液中Fe2 EDTA浓度增加而呈直线增加;pH值为8左右时,Fe2 EDTA溶液对NO的络合容量最大;Fe2 EDTA溶液络合NO的反应平衡常数在实验条件下为105~106L·mol-1数量级,其值随温度升高而降低。     

壳聚糖碘液体外对乙型肝炎病毒灭活的实验研究

采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)和荧光定量PCR的方法检测壳聚糖碘液对血清HBsAg和HBV DNA的破坏作用。实验结果表明1.56250 g/L和0.78125 g/L的壳聚糖碘液分别作用5 m in和10 m in能完全破坏HBsAg的抗原性;6.25000 g/L和3.12500 g/L的壳聚糖碘液分别作用5 m in和15 m in能较好地破坏血清中的HBV DNA。提示壳聚糖碘液具有体外灭活乙型肝炎病毒作用。     

空气和废气中醛酮污染物的气相色谱测定

以２,４－二硝基肼酸性饱和溶液吸收空气和废气中的醛和酮所形成的腙衍生物用毛细管气相色谱分析。本法预处理回收率在９４％以上,最低检测限为０．０５－０．１ｎｇ,可测定空气和车间空气中挥发性和半挥发性醛和酮类污染物。     

Aqualab常见故障的判断与维护

Aqualab分析单元在做每一项分析时都要用一个标准样品来校正各项目使用电极,电极会显示一个校正后的检查值,我们可以根据检查值来确认分析仪器是否处在正常工作状态.如果检查值不在我们仪器规定的范围内,可以认为仪器是不正常的,本文通过实践中的一些检查值数据的异常变化来描述自动监测仪系统出现的故障及表象可能产生的故障原因及解决办法,为同类现象的问题用以借鉴.     

污水土地处理水旱轮作条件下碳素在土层中迁移特征的模拟实验

为了解污水土地处理过程 中不同土壤类型土壤溶液Ｐ含量和迁移特征，在一种特殊２的大型人工模拟土层和地下水实验装置中进行试验。研究结果表明：水田条件下１．５ｍ～０．５ｍ土壤溶液Ｐ含量极低（≤０．０２ｍｇ／Ｌ），但在旱地条件下，Ｐ含量上升至０．０４５ｍｇ／Ｌ～０．６２８ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ素随入渗污水向下迁移距离可达１．１ｍ。在低水力负荷率和较长停留时间的运行条件下，１．３ｍ以下土壤溶液和地下水的Ｐ含量处于安全     

从含油污泥中回收原油

介绍了含油污泥的来源、处理方法以及经济效益和环境效益。     

氨基酸系列型煤复合粘结剂的研制

一系列以高浓度有机废水为主料，根据高聚物相似互溶、扩散渗透原理，基于高聚物交联(架侨)反应，使原来呈线状结构或轻度支链的天然高分子交联成三维空间网状结构的复合粘结剂。本系列复合粘结剂来源广，价格低，用于粉煤加工成型，基本不受煤种、配煤比、固硫剂的制约。其型煤冷热强度高，防潮抗水性好，脱硫固灰率高，易着火，能燃尽、不结焦，成本低，适用于工业和民用的清洁燃烧，能减轻S02、高浓度有机废水的污染及危害。