过量钠盐和盐渍土壤提取液对3种外生菌根真菌生长的影响

美味牛肝菌(Boletusedulis)、红绒盖牛肝菌(Xerocomuschrysenteron)和铆钉菇(Gomphidiusviscidus)3种外生菌根真菌在不同浓度钠盐(0.05、0.10和0.20mol·L-1)和东营地区盐渍土壤提取液中培养,结果表明:钠盐处理促进了美味牛肝菌菌丝生长,生物量积累增加,而红绒盖牛肝菌和铆钉菇菌丝生长明显受到抑制。在土壤提取液培养条件下,供试3菌种菌丝的生长均受到极显著抑制。在不同浓度钠盐处理下,菌丝中钠元素的含量随培养基中钠盐浓度的增加而提高,说明菌丝对钠元素有较强的吸收能力。但不同菌种菌丝对钠元素的吸收和积累方式存在显著差异。     

Achievements,challenges and global implications of China’s carbon neutral pledge

China has been committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. China’s pledge of carbon neutrality will play an essential role in galvanising global climate action, which has been largely deferred by the Covid-19 pandemic. China’s carbon neutrality could reduce global warming by approximately 0.2–0.3 °C and save around 1.8 million people from premature death due to air pollution. Along with domestic benefits, China’s pledge of carbon neutrality is a “game-changer” for global climate action and can inspire other large carbon emitters to contribute actively to mitigate carbon emissions, particularly countries along the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) routes. In order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, it is necessary to decarbonise all sectors in China, including energy, industry, transportation, construction, and agriculture. However, this transition will be very challenging, because major technological breakthroughs and large-scale investments are required. Strong policies and implementation plans are essential, including sustainable demand, decarbonizing electricity, electrification, fuel switching, and negative emissions. In particular, if China can peak carbon emissions earlier, it can lower the costs of the carbon neutral transition and make it easier to do so over a longer time horizon. China’s pledge of carbon neutrality by 2060 and recent pledges at the 26^th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) are significant contributions and critical steps for global climate action. However, countries worldwide need to achieve carbon neutrality to keep the global temperature from growing beyond the level that will cause catastrophic damages globally.     

空气和废气中醛酮污染物的气相色谱测定

以２,４－二硝基肼酸性饱和溶液吸收空气和废气中的醛和酮所形成的腙衍生物用毛细管气相色谱分析。本法预处理回收率在９４％以上,最低检测限为０．０５－０．１ｎｇ,可测定空气和车间空气中挥发性和半挥发性醛和酮类污染物。     

Genotoxicity of substances extracted from construction materials

Construction waste such as road pavement and concrete is estimated to constitute about 50% of the total industrial waste in Japan, and the recycling of such material has recently become a prominent topic among construction engineers. It has also been suggested that various types of industrial waste be utilized as components of construction materials. This paper investigates the environmental safety of certain materials in terms of the elutions and genotoxicities of these substances. The substances extracted from some materials, such as emulsifier, ash, and sediment, were found to have genotoxic characteristics. The dose-related responses of the various materials and their genotoxic strengths are shown. Received: June 16, 1998 / Accepted: September 7, 1999     

Evaluation of the optimal washing conditions for dioxin-contaminated soils from the circumference of an incinerator

 The optimal soil-washing conditions for dioxins were estimated on a soil sample from the circumference of an incinerator in Nose City, Osaka, Japan. The solvents ethanol, methanol, and acetone, together with a surfactant (100% of each) could extract 40% of the dioxins from contaminated soil at room temperature. From among these solvents, ethanol was chosen for a study on how to optimize the extraction conditions because of its low toxicity and its economic advantages. The time-course of the agitation showed that the extraction rate increased for 1 min, and thereafter the rate decreased. Therefore, the agitation time was fixed at 1 min. To estimate the effect of temperature on the extraction rate, the extraction temperature was changed. The amount of dioxins extracted was largest at the boiling point of ethanol (78.3°C), giving about 76% extraction. Furthermore, at this temperature, almost 100% of the dioxins in the contaminated soil were extracted when the ratio of water to ethanol was 20%. Received: March 6, 2002 / Accepted: September 9, 2002     

Recovery of copper from contaminated soil by flushing

In this work the development of a process for the recovery of copper from contaminated industrial soils is presented. Experimental tests on a standard soil contaminated with a solution of copper chloride were carried out. The metal was extracted from the contaminated soil by flushing with a 0.1 M aqueous solution of an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) sodium salt. A maximum copper extraction efficiency of about 60% was observed. Copper was then separated from the extracted solution by precipitation with sodium hydroxide after addition of ferric sulfate.     

某大厦中水系统改造实例

在明确了中水的概念及其利用范围的基础上,论述了中水利用的必要性、可行性及其重要意义。针对中国国际广播电台业务主楼中水处理系统建造、调试过程中发现的问题,制定了相应的改造方案。改造方案论证后得以实施,改造后的中水系统运行平稳,经检测两项关键指标COD达到6.16,BOD达到0.57,优于国家标准规范要求。     

Porous cups for pesticides monitoring in soil solution — Laboratory tests

In this study, preliminary tests were conducted aiming to validate the use of ceramic porous cup for collecting soil water samples and monitoring pesticides contents, as usually made for nitrates. Interactions between porous cup and pesticides were examined under different experimental conditions for three herbicides (atrazine, isoproturon, 2,4-D) and one insecticide (carbofuran).

The results showed that ceramic was not inert for pesticides : as much as 80% of the applied pesticide could be retained during the flowing of the first tenth milliliters of solution. Interactions were attributed to sorption and “screening” of molecules by the porous walls and were related to the ionic character of pesticides. However, retention was not irreversible, since pesticides were quickly released by rinsing with distilled water.

After these tests, porous ceramic cups could be considered as suitable samplers for pesticide determinations in soil solution, contingent on gaining further informations about soil - porous cup - pesticide interactions.     

应用化学质量平衡模型解析烟台市污染源的排放贡献率

根据烟台地区污染排放特点,应用化学质量平衡模型（CMB8）进行污染源解析分析,得出每个污染源对于受体地区颗粒物体样本的排放贡献率。最终的模型结果显示,建筑尘和居民烯煤锅炉排放,海洋尘和冶炼厂排放对于大气环境污染也有一定的贡献,以上分析可以为城市污染源治理提供一定的依据。     

Simultaneous and direct determination of glyphosate and AMPA in water samples from the hydroponic cultivation of eucalyptus seedlings using HPLC-ICP-MS/MS

Abstract

Glyphosate is the main herbicide currently used in the world due to wide applicability and efficiency in controlling weeds in many crops. However, its overuse may lead to undesirable impacts on the environment and to human health in the long run. This present study aimed to optimize and validate solid phase extraction (SPE) using an anionic resin for the simultaneous and direct determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in water samples using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with inductively coupled plasma with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (HPLC-ICP-MS/MS). The results showed that recovery percentage and relative standard deviation were 103.9?±?7.9 and 99.40?±?9.9% for glyphosate and AMPA, respectively. The validation certified that the method was precise, accurate, linear, and selective, with a limit of quantification of 1.09 and 0.29?μg L^?1 for glyphosate and AMPA, respectively. The optimized methodology reached the concentration factor of 250 times and was successfully applied to analyze water samples from hydroponic cultivation of the eucalyptus seedlings. The results showed that the exudation process occurs at glyphosate doses starting from 2?L ha^?1.