叶轮气浮机用浮选剂研究

采用阳离子聚合物的表面活性剂作浮选剂，能增强气泡与絮粒的粘附能力，提高气浮分离效果，用该浮选剂对南充炼油厂的南阳油田稠油污水进行处理，去浊率达到９０％左右，处理效果与美国埃克森公司产３３９０浮选剂相当。     

上海水体营养分级的群落代谢率模型

在标准实验条件下测定天然浮游生物群落产氧率（Ｐ）和呼吸率（Ｒ）。同时结合总氮、总磷、叶绿素ａ等水质化学、生物学指标,运用方差分析、多元逐步回归分析等定量研究手段,确定Ｆ值即√Ｐ×（Ｐ／Ｒ）为代谢率的合适指标评价富营养化。在概率基础上确定Ｆ值的开发型分类,并建立了能快速、准确差别营养污染程度的差别模型。     

松花江浮游生物群落DNA指纹与物种组成比较研究

对2006年1月采自松花江红旗渡口到同江7个样点的浮游生物群落进行了RAPD指纹分析,进而探讨了河流生态系统浮游生物群落DNA指纹与物种组成之间的关系.筛选出的8条随机引物扩增的谱带全为多态性带,其中特有条带所占比例最大(30.2%);形态分类共检测到浮游生物66种,且没有检测到7个样点的共有种类;这些结果显示研究区域浮游生物群落相似性比较低,环境差异性较大.基于DNA指纹的聚类进一步表明,同江、红旗渡口和佳木斯的浮游生物群落较为相似而聚为一枝,哨口、肇源和哈尔滨为一枝,而松原成为单独的一枝.物种组成则将上游的红旗渡口与哨口,下游的同江与佳木斯分别划为一类,位于中间的3个样点为一类.DNA指纹主要揭示相对优势类群DNA的多态性,因此主要反映的是浮游生物群落与环境的关系;而物种组成在这里更多是反映与空间距离的关系,水流是重要的影响因素,上游的部分个体随水流带到了下游.由此可见,浮游生物群落DNA指纹分析在河流生态系统大空间尺度研究中具有重要意义,尤其是在揭示群落与环境关系方面,并能为水环境分子生物学评价体系的建立积累基础资料和提供蘑要依据.图4表3参21     

基于机器学习遥感算法的大型漂浮藻面积提取方法研究

采用基于机器学习的多层感知机算法,利用GOCI(Geostationary Ocean Color Imager)传感器获取的瑞利校正反射率数据,对东中国海大型漂浮藻进行遥感自动识别,采用线性混合像元分解来计算大型漂浮藻的覆盖面积,并利用膨胀和侵蚀法进行大型漂浮藻的分布面积计算。利用L8/OLI(Landsat 8/Operational Land Imager)高空间分辨率资料进行验证,结果表明,基于机器学习遥感算法针对GOCI提取的大型漂浮藻覆盖面积,与L8/OLI结果十分接近,R2达到0. 959,平均绝对误差和平均相对误差分别为39. 32 km2和18. 15%。     

Assessing biological and chemical signatures related to nutrient removal by floating islands in stormwater mesocosms

Aquatic floating plants on BioHaven mats were tested for their potential use as a Best Management Practice to be incorporated within existing stormwater detention ponds. Plants were analyzed for their capability to remove nutrient-pollution in parallel with the study of ecological dynamics. Experiments were carried out in cylindrical mesocosms of 5 m diameter and 1.2 m height, above-ground pools with a water volume of 14 m³. The design parameters tested were for 5% and 10% vegetated floating island coverage of the mesocosm, both with and without shoreline plants called littoral zone. This littoral shelf was 0.5 m thick, graded at a downward slope of 1:5 toward the center using loamy soil with low organic matter content, excavated from below turf grass. Endemic plant species were chosen for the experimental location in central Florida based on a wetland identification manual by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection to ensure the study was not compromised by unique climate requirements of the plants. Nutrient and aquatic chemical conditions such as pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, turbidity, and chlorophyll a were monitored to understand their relationships to the general wetland ecosystem. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis identified the microbial activity near the rhizospheric zone. Logistical placement considerations were made using spatial sampling across the horizontal plane of the mesocosms, beneath and around the root zone, to determine if nutrients tend to aggregate around the floating island. This study concluded that the application of floating islands as a stormwater technology can remove nutrients through plant uptake and biological activity. The most cost-effective size in the outdoor mesocosms was 5% surface area coverage of the mat.     

Environmental impact of leaching of trace elements from fly ash dumps on aquatic ecosystems

Ten sampling points were selected in Kanhan River, situated near the ash dump sites of Koradi Thermal Power Plant, Nagpur. The leaching of trace elements from fly ash dumps was experimentally determined by acid digestion, batch leaching and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure tests. Elemental concentrations in river water, sediment, plankton and five commonly prevailing fish species (Catla catla, Labeo bata, Cyprinus carpio, Cirrhinus reba, Puntius ticto) were determined using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Metal concentrations (Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, Cu and Pb) in river water were higher during the pre-monsoon season compared to the post-monsoon season. Zn (30.65?mg/kg) was observed to be the most predominant metal in plankton during the pre-monsoon season while, during the post-monsoon season, Fe (21.19?mg/kg) showed the maximum concentration. Muscles of C. catla had metal concentrations (Cr, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu and Pb) above the permissible limits of Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO 1983) during the pre-monsoon season. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was found highest for Cr (37.5) in muscles of C. catla during the pre-monsoon season, while BAF was observed to be maximum in L. bata for Cu (28.09), which may be detrimental for human consumption.     

柴河水库水生生物现状及评价研究

在柴河水库的入口、库中、坝下设3个采样点,用多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数)进行生物多样性分析,结果表明,柴河水库的入口、库中、坝下水体中浮游生物组成和数量存在着明显差异,库中、坝下与入口相比,蓝藻比例分别减少了29.0%、16.8%,绿藻、硅藻所占比例大幅上升;通过对氮、磷、pH、富营养化指数等指标进行检测和分析表明,整个水库水体呈中度富营养化状态,总氮的富营养化评价指数远远大于总磷的富营养化评价指数。     

人工浮岛对城市景观用水水质净化效果的研究

为了研究浮岛对城市景观用水的水质净化效果,用美人蕉制作了人工浮岛,分别在大连市某小区户外水塘和实验室内进行了实验。对其水样进行化验、观察、分析和研究。结果表明:人工植物浮岛对水质净化有明显的效果,在室内对总氮、总磷和COD的去除率分别为91.35%、45.46%和56.49%;在户外对总氮、总磷和COD的去除率分别为60%、84.33%和24.25%。实验证明了人工浮岛在城市景观用水处理中有广阔的应用前景。     

RF内星轮(闭式)精密温锻工艺

叙述了RF内星轮塑性变形的工艺分析,提出了RF内星轮制造的(闭式)精密温锻工艺,阐明了新技术取代旧工艺的优点.     

鸭河口水库水体浮游植物预测研究

考虑浮游植物的增长和沉降等因素,采有质量平衡模型,选择合适的预测参数,对鸭河口水库水体浮游植物浓度进行了预测研究,揭示了本浮游植物浓度随时间变化规律,为鸭河口水库富营养化防治奠定基础。