基于MDI综合赋权的军航空管模糊物元安全评价

为了保证军航空管系统的运行安全,防患于未然,根据模糊物元分析理论,结合军航空管系统安全评价指标体系,提出了基于综合赋权的军航空管系统模糊物元安全评价模型。在该模型中,引入最小鉴别信息(MDI)原理对层次分析法和熵值法所确定的权重进行组合,实现评价指标的综合赋权,进而将计算得到的综合权重用于模糊物元建模及评价。实例分析结果表明,该模型步骤简单,过程科学合理,并兼顾了主客观因素的影响,评价结果总体反映了军航空管系统的真实安全水平,也为军航空管安全的科学评价提供了新思路。     

安全生产大数据的5W2H采集法及其模式研究

为从安全生产大数据中挖掘安全规律并最终提炼安全生产基础原理,首先在对安全生产大数据的定义及其内涵进一步阐释基础上,提出安全生产大数据采集的定义,并将其分解为3个过程;然后提出安全生产大数据的5W2H采集法,并对其内涵(采集原因,使用主体、采集者及采集对象,采集数据类型,采集边界,采集时间,采集数据量及其采集方法）进行详细分析;最后以思维路径为主、过程路径和技术路径为辅,建立安全生产大数据采集的一般模式。结果表明,安全生产大数据采集模式的研究可为安全生产大数据的存储、处理及其应用提供基础。     

亚硝酸型反硝化除磷工艺特性及其应用

以亚硝酸盐作为电子受体进行反硝化除磷污泥的驯化,并探究了工艺运行条件、性能及实际应用情况.研究表明:厌氧-缺氧-好氧驯化方式可快速富集以亚硝酸盐为电子受体的反硝化聚磷菌,通过逐步提高底物浓度可以驯化富集耐受高NO₂^--N浓度的DNPAOs.实际废水运行实验表明,反硝化除磷法处理猪场废水UASB-SFSBR尾水是可行的,当缺氧进水NO₃^--N、NO₂^--N和PO₄^3--P浓度分别为5,70,30mg/L时,出水NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N浓度基本为0,PO₄^3--P浓度在1.0mg/L以下.     

煤层瓦斯含量测定定点取样方法研究进展

基于文献调研及前期研究,分析了目前煤矿井下煤层瓦斯含量直接测定时所采用定点取样方法及其弊端,阐述了学者们提出的改进型定点取样方法,并对煤层瓦斯含量测定定点取样方法的研究进行了展望,指出:①取样过程瓦斯损失量小、取样时升温低、机械复杂度低是基于煤芯管法定点取样方法的发展方向;②开展煤储层条件下的瓦斯运移规律研究,建立并完善各种基于煤芯管法的定点取样方法的瓦斯损失量模型;③适用于松软煤层的定点取样方法的研发亟待开展;④基于负压气力输送理论的定点取样方法是定点取样方法研究的趋势,动态颗粒煤变负压瓦斯解吸规律是建立对应瓦斯损失量模型的基础研究。     

安全观的塑造机理及其方法研究

为引导人形成正确的安全认知和思维模式、输出安全行为,降低事故发生的概率,首先用文献综述法,在对现有的几种有代表性的安全观定义进行总结的基础上,基于安全科学理论高度提出了安全观的新定义,并进一步论述安全观的属性特征、构成要素、层次结构、功能作用等本质内容。然后从自塑造和他塑造两方面构建安全观的塑造模型,并提炼出安全观塑造的8种常见方法及其“三步走”塑造思路。结果表明,安全观具有丰富的本质内容,并指导和决定安全行为输出,能为安全观塑造措施的提出提供参考,以培养、完善、改造人的安全观。     

基于功效系数法的特种设备宏观安全风险评价模型

为掌握特种设备的整体风险水平,明确监管方向和重心,基于幂函数型功效系数法,建立特种设备的宏观安全风险评价模型。应用模型研究全国特种设备的宏观风险,然后将其作为基准衡量北京地区电梯的风险水平。结果表明:应用特种设备宏观安全风险评价模型,可计算分析特种设备的整体风险,实现不同种类设备风险的横向对比;将气瓶的宏观风险作为风险的标准当量,可实现国家、地区、企业同类设备风险的纵向对比,有助于促进政府和企业的监管决策工作。     

基于包扎法的石化乙烯装置挥发性有机物排放特征

装置泄露是石油炼化生产过程中重要的挥发性有机物(VOCs)无组织排放源.基于动态吹扫包扎法采样和预浓缩­­-GC/MS分析方法,对我国南方某石化企业乙烯生产过程中裂解装置的压缩、分离系统及芳烃抽提装置的泄漏组件进行了VOCs排放特征研究.结果表明:烷烃(49.7%~82.4%)含量最高,其次是烯烃(3.2%~35.7%)和芳香烃(5.5%~14.4%); 2-甲基戊烷、甲基环己烷、3-甲基己烷及2,3-二甲基丁烷在整个乙烯生产中都有重要比重.乙烯和反-2-丁烯是裂解装置的重要标志,而苯和甲苯是芳烃抽提装置的重要标志;臭氧生成潜势主要来自于烯烃,尤其是乙烯的贡献率最大,占总烯烃贡献的47.0%~73.0%.参考美国环保局推荐的Method-21,计算了轻液介质阀门的排放速率,获得其泄露排放速率与泄露浓度之间的定量关系为y=3×10^-7x^0.993(R²=0.788).     

Criteria and indicators for a bioenergy production industry identified via stakeholder participation

As bioenergy production expands and new bioenergy-based technologies emerge, there is a growing concern regarding the sustainability of their ecological and socioeconomic impacts. Comprehensive sustainability assessments are needed to address this concern and to assure that the development of the bioenergy industry meets sustainability goals. Most sustainability assessments for bioenergy are expert-driven, broad, and largely motivated by an interest in optimizing international trade in bioenergy. As a result, social and cultural sustainability targets are vague or underdeveloped. In this study, we developed a sustainability assessment for a regional bioenergy production industry in Upper Michigan, using stakeholder participation. Semi-structured interviews and focus group meetings were used to elicit participants’ concerns and opinion. These concerns were translated into sustainability Criteria and Indicators (C&Is), many of which could be supported with available science. Some of the C&Is identified by participants were unique to the region. Sustainability C&Is were broadly categorized into economic (C = 5; I = 22), environmental (C = 6; I = 12), social (C = 3; I = 9), policy and regulations (C = 3; I = 13), and institutional capacity (C = 4; I = 13). While participants could identify indicators for most of the criteria (many of which are also supported by existing literature), further research and validation will be necessary to identify measurable, practical, and bias-free indicators for all criteria.     

Fe-Mn-sepiolite as an effective heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for the decolorization of reactive brilliant blue

A study of the decolorization of reactive brilliant blue in an aqueous solution using Fe-Mn-sepiolite as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst has been performed. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the catalyst showed bending vibrations of the Fe-O. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the catalyst showed characteristic diffraction peaks of α-Fe₂O₃, γ-Fe₂O₃ and MnO. A four factor central composite design (CCD) coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate and optimize the important variables (catalyst addition, hydrogen peroxide dosage, initial pH value and initial dye concentration). When the reaction conditions were catalyst dosage= 0.4 g, [H₂O₂]= 0.3 mL, pH= 2.5, [reactive brilliant blue]_o = 50 mg·L⁻¹, and volume of solution= 500 mL at room temperature, the decolorization efficiency of reactive brilliant blue was 91.98% within 60 min. Moreover, the Fe-Mn-sepiolite catalyst had good stability for the degradation of reactive brilliant blue even after six cycles. Leaching of iron ions (<0.4 mg·L⁻¹) was observed. The decoloring process was reactive brilliant blue specific via a redox reaction. The benzene ring and naphthalene ring were first oxidized to open ring; these were then oxidized to the alcohol and carboxylic acid. The reactive brilliant blue was decomposed mainly by the attack of ·OH radicals including surface-bound ·OH radicals generated on the catalyst surface.     

中国区域HCFC-142b排放量模式反演研究

利用拉格朗日粒子扩散模式FLEXPART结合上甸子区域本底站在线观测HCFC-142b数据,采取自上而下的反演方法,估算了2009和2010年中国HCFC-142b的排放量分别为10.82kt/a和15.42kt/a,分别占全球HCFC-142b排放量的29.7%和45.8%.反演HCFC-142b排放量的空间分布结果显示其排放源主要集中在京津冀、四川、山东西部以及长江中下游地区,与相关研究中自下而上方法获得的排放量分布一致.模式反演源较先验源更接近观测数据,2009年相关系数从0.38提高到0.47,2010年相关系数则从0.60提高到0.65.