Epilithic biofilm as a reservoir for functional virulence factors in wastewater-dominant rivers after WWTP upgrade

Virulence factors (VFs) confer upon pathogens the ability to cause various types of damage or diseases. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important point sources for the emission of pathogens and VFs into receiving rivers. Conventional WWTP upgrades are often implemented to improve the water quality of receiving ecosystems. However, knowledge on the pathogens, VFs, and health risks to receiving aquatic ecosystems after upgrade remains limited. In this study, we investigated detailed pathogenic information, including taxa, pathogenicity, and health risk, in two wastewater-dominant rivers after WWTP upgrade. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we screened 14 potential pathogens in water and epilithic biofilm samples, though they were significantly more enriched in the biofilms. Combining 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing data, we identified Pseudomonas and Aeromonas as the dominant pathogenic taxa carrying functional VFs (e.g., mobility and offensive) in the epilithic biofilm. Moreover, strong pathogen-specific VF-host co-occurrence events were observed in the epilithic biofilm samples, indicating the importance of biofilms as reservoirs and vehicles for VFs. Further, we demonstrated that mobility VF is crucial for biofilm formation and pathogens in biofilm carrying offensive VF may be highly invasive. Quantification and health risk assessment suggested that the skin contact risk of P. aeruginosa carrying VFs was higher than the acceptable probability of 10^?4 in both water and epilithic biofilm samples, which may threaten ecological and human health.     

农药企业搬迁土地挥发性有机物风险评价

对常州某农药生产场地土壤中挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染状况以及健康风险和生态风险进行了调查评价。结果表明,该场地土壤中挥发性有机物污染以苯系物和卤代烃为主。苯系物质量浓度为0~56.6 mg/kg,卤代烃质量浓度为0~1.14 mg/kg。健康风险评价结果均在可接受范围内,而生态风险评价显示生产车间内的土壤VOCs生态风险较大,存在着对生物的危害。     

基于健康的环境监测技术规范研究

阐述了环境与健康监测的现状,根据江苏省典型区域环境与健康调查取得的成果和经验,对开展环境与健康监测的基本原则和技术思路作分析。提出环境与健康监测内容包括污染物排放监测、环境质量监测、外暴露监测、内暴露监测和健康效应监测,探讨了属于环保部门职责范畴的前3项监测技术内容及相关要求。     

吸烟室内污染对家庭成员呼吸系统健康的影响

应用“家庭健康问卷调查”的方法，对中国兰州，重庆，武汉，广州４城市８所小学中的儿童家庭进行“吸烟室内污染对家庭成员呼吸系统健康的影响”调查，结果表明，吸烟的家庭比不吸烟的家庭室内污染严重，对人体健康有明显影响，其儿童患感冒咳嗽咳痰，支气管等病症的发生率，父亲吸烟的家庭比不吸烟的家庭要高出２倍６倍。     

土壤残留滴滴涕、六六六的人群健康风险评价 ———以江苏省无锡市为例

摘要：选择土壤中残留的滴滴涕（DDTs）和六六六（HCHs）这两种有机氯农药，分亚群计算人群暴露量，应用于江苏省无锡市的人群健康风险的评价，并剖析人群健康风险水平以及风险来源。结果表明，无锡土壤的综合致癌风险为5.38×10^-5，综合非致癌风险为0.176。江苏无锡土壤残留的HCHs和DDTs对人体健康的平均风险较小。     

某废弃农药生产场地地下水挥发性有机物污染健康风险评价

对常州某废弃农药生产场地地下水中挥发性有机物污染状况和健康风险进行了调查评价。结果表明，该场地地下水中挥发性有机物污染以苯系物、氯代苯类和氯代烃类为主；部分点位地下水健康风险评价结果超出可接受范围，可能危害人体。     

某化工企业厂界内及周边土壤中二噁英健康风险评估

在某化工企业厂界内及周边布设9个土壤点位,对其二噁英进行检测与分析,依据《污染场地风险评估技术导则》对土壤中二噁英进行健康风险评估。结果表明,9个土壤点位二噁英毒性当量浓度为3.72~20.3 pg/g,均值为9.1 pg/g,均处于安全水平;在经口摄入、皮肤接触和吸入土壤颗粒物3种暴露途径下,只有4#点位具有较低的致癌风险;4#点位代表的场地区域为风险不可接受的污染区域,基于致癌效应的土壤风险控制值为1.84×10-5mg/kg。提出,应尽快研究并制定土壤中二噁英的标准限值。