水中痕量Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)交联壳聚糖吸附和DPCI光度法测定

研究交联壳糖（ＣＣＴＳ）对Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的吸附行为,建立了ＤＰＣＩ光度法测定水中痕量Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）和Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）的新方法,在１００－２００ｍｌｐＨ＝３溶液中,ＣＣＴＳ对Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的吸附率为９７％,用２ｍｌ０．１ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１ＮａＯＨ定量解吸Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）富集倍数达５０－１００倍,本法用于水中痕量Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）和Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）的测定,回收率９０％－１０５％,变异系数１．２％－４．８％,检出限０．０１５μｇ．Ｌ＾－１探讨     

南京某合金厂土壤铬污染研究

南京某合金厂是以生产铬合金为主的重工业工厂,铬是其最主要的重金属污染元素。本文通过系统取样和实验研究,结合对铬含量数据的数学处理,对该厂铬污染范围、强度、分布特征及其在土壤介质中的存在形态进行了分析、评价和解释。结果显示,该厂铬污染叠加量已达背量含量的4.4倍,污染以车间烟囟为中心,范围达1.5km2,污染范围最大延伸下限约为1.38km;有害铬主要以土壤吸咐状态存在（Fe－Mn氧化物态）,其在铬总量中占比例较大（22.9％）,对环境会有严重的潜在危害     

柱后衍生离子色谱法测定土壤和沉积物中的六价铬

采用加热回流提取、柱后衍生离子色谱法分离土壤和沉积物中的六价铬,使用紫外可见检测器进行测定。选用7种土壤和沉积物的实际样品,依次讨论了氢氧化钠-碳酸钠溶液、碳酸氢钠溶液、氢氧化钠-氯化钾溶液、离子色谱碱性淋洗液4种不同提取剂对六价铬的提取效率,以及超声提取、水浴振荡提取和恒温磁力搅拌冷凝回流3种提取方式的提取效果;研究了10～60 min、25～190℃条件下的最佳提取时间和加热温度;分析了不同提取剂体积和称样量比值条件下六价铬标土的测定量,并探究了提取液的保存条件。优化后的前处理条件：称取2.5 g筛分后的土壤或沉积物样品,加入25 mL NaOH/Na₂CO₃提取剂,在恒温磁力搅拌冷凝回流装置上于120℃加热回流60 min,离心后用0.22μm滤膜过滤,用柱后衍生离子色谱紫外检测装置进行测定。相比目前常用的分光光度法、原子吸收法等测定土壤中六价铬方法,柱后衍生离子色谱法特异性强,降低了差减法或其他前处理技术测定六价铬时所引入的误差,且不受提取液色度、浊度等影响。方法检出限可达0.002 mg/kg,灵敏度高,操作简便,抗干扰能力强,对于...     

Chromium phytoextraction and physiological responses of the hyperaccumulator Leersia hexandra Swartz to plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium inoculation

● Improved Cr phytoextration efficiency was achieved by B. cereus inoculation. ● B. cereus could produce plant-beneficial PGPR factors at diverse Cr stresses. ● Enhanced resistance of inoculated L. hexandra towards elevated Cr stress. ● The majority of Cr existed in the stable forms in the tissues of L. hexandra. Phytoextraction is a promising option for purifying hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI))-laden wastewater, but the long remediation period incurred by poor growth rate of Cr hyperaccumulators remains a primary hindrance to its large-scale application. In this study, we performed a hydroponic experiment to evaluate the feasibility of promoting the growth and phytoextraction efficiency of Cr hyperaccumulator Leersia hexandra Swartz (L. hexandra) by inoculating plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Bacillus cereus (B. cereus). In batch tests, the Cr(VI) removal rates of L. hexandra and B. cereus co-culture were greater than the sum of their respective monocultures. This was likely due to the microbial reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), which is amiable to plant uptake. Besides, the PGPR factors of B. cereus, including indoleacetic acid (IAA) production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deamination (ACCd) activity, phosphate solubilization capacity, and siderophore production, were quantified. These PGPR factors helped explain the biomass augmentation, root elongation and enhanced Cr enrichment of the inoculated L. hexandra in pot experiments. Despite the increased Cr uptake, no aggravated oxidative damage to the cell membrane was observed in the inoculated L. hexandra. This was attributed to its capacity to confront the increased intracellular Cr stress by upregulating both the activities of antioxidative enzymes and expression of metal-binding proteins/peptides. Moreover, L. hexandra could always conserve the majority of Cr in the residual and oxalic integrated forms with low mobility and phytotoxicity, irrespective of the B. cereus inoculation. These results highlight the constructed Cr hyperaccumulator-rhizobacteria consortia as an effective candidate for decontaminating Cr(VI)-laden wastewater.     

铬渣冷固结球团的还原实验及其解毒机理

铬渣中六价铬对人体和生态环境都有严重的危害,必须进行处理。在铬渣加入粘结剂、煤粉或铁精矿粉制成冷固结球团,在一定温度下进行还原解毒。实验表明,在1200℃以下用煤气铬渣球团,铬渣基本解毒;在1400℃熔炼还原后的铬渣球团,可使铬全部还原成金属铬或Cr7C3,在铁碳化合物存在的情况下,可形成(Fe·Cr)7C3,铬渣彻底解毒,并能回收铬渣中的Cr、Fe等元素。故可将铬渣制成冷固结球团进行还原解毒,进行高温熔炼后,可达到铬渣无害化、资源化处理。     

耐酸性异养菌的分离及其在制革污泥重金属生物淋滤中的作用

从制革污泥中分离出一株异养微生物,经鉴定属于红酵母菌属(Rhodotorula sp.)R30, 测定菌株R30的适宜生长pH范围为3～7,但能耐受pH 2.5至1.5的酸性环境,最适生长温度28℃.酵母R30在污泥水溶性有机物(DOM)中培养96h,水溶性有机碳(DOC)从1485mg/L降至345mg/L,菌数达4.8×10⁷mL^-1.将污泥预酸化至pH 6.5,在进行污泥的生物淋滤过程中,添加酵母处理与不添加酵母处理的对照相比,淋滤时间减少了4d,淋滤周期显著缩短,在7d的淋滤时间内,重金属Cr的溶出率提高39%.     

Health implication among occupational exposed workers in a chromium alloy factory, Thailand

IntroductionNationalStatisticalOffice ,Thailand (NSO ,2 0 0 0 )reportedthattheneedformetalmanufacturingindustriesandassociatedproductionsectorhasincreasedatanextremelyrapidrate ,especiallyinthecentralpartofThailand .Itisestimatedthattherearemorethan 10 0 …     

冷轧含铬废水微电解处理的中试研究

钢铁行业冷轧、硅钢生产过程中产生大量的含铬废水,目前一般采用亚硫酸钠还原法处理,药剂消耗量非常大。在2 m3/h的中试规模上研究了铁/碳微电解还原工艺对钝化液含铬废水的处理,六价铬通过铁炭填料后浓度有一定降低,废水pH稍有升高,氧化还原电位降低。研究结果表明,铁炭微电解工艺对于钝化液含铬废水有一定的处理效果,但由于可能存在含铬废水对铁屑表面造成钝化导致处理不够彻底。经济效益分析表明,微电解技术相比单独采用亚硫酸钠还原法有一定的成本优势,且处理出水效果好,可直接排放,不会产生二次污染。     

无火焰原子吸收石墨炉法测定海水中的总铬

研究了使用无火焰原子吸收石墨炉法测定海水中总铬的分析方法。在氧化过程后采用络合 -萃取技术使共存元素与待测元素分离 ,既消除了基体干扰 ,又达到了富集作用 ,使测定结果准确可靠。方法的相对标准偏差 6.34 % ,回收率85.2 %。