Rapid liquid chromatographic analysis of Metoclopramide in pharmaceutical preparations

A sensitive, accurate and reproducible method for the analysis of metoclopramide, a gastrointestinal drug, has been described. An isocratic HPLC elution method was employed which requires about 10 minutes to be performed. The concentration of metoclopramide hydrochloride preparations was found to be 95.1 ±0.3% and 94.21 ±0.25% in tablet and injection formulations, respectively.     

Practical application of sustainable development in decision-making processes in the Great Lakes Basin

SUMMARY

Sustainable development has become the conceptual framework within which societal, economic and environmental issues are addressed at every level around the world. In 1993, a United States-Canada assembly of more than 250 Great Lakes leaders was convened to evaluate the efficacy of creative processes under way in the Great Lakes Basin relative to sustainable development and to identify key success factors and process characteristics which are consistent with principles of sustainable development. A combination of eight criteria for effective project management (i.e. stakeholder involvement; leadership; information and interpretation; planning; human resource development; results and indicators; review and feedback; stakeholder satisfaction) and six principles of sustainable development (i.e. long-range planning and intergenerational responsibility; carrying capacity; anticipation and prevention; full cost accounting; integration of economic, social and environmental factors; efficiency, innovation and continuous improvement) were developed to evaluate and help improve decision-making processes. Such criteria and principles may be useful in improving decision-making processes in other parts of the world.     

Municipal solid waste management in Dalian: practices and challenges

The fast growing of urban areas in developing countries has brought serious problems on municipal solid waste (MSW) management. It will be rational to adopt an integrated approach to deal with such a challenge so that the overall eco-efficiency of MSW management could be improved. To better examine how attributes of integrated MSW management are being interpreted and put into practice, and to explore what changes should be made to improve the application of integrated MSW management, we employ a case study method so that lessons learned could be used to inform initiatives in other cities and the potential solution may offer feasible strategies. The case study city is Dalian, a typical seaport city with fast growing rate in economy. The outcomes of this case study show us that fragmented management structure, ineffective and inefficient enforcement of relevant regulations, backward technologies, limited financial resources and lack of public participation are main barriers for the implementation of integrated MSW management. Consequently, in order to overcome these barriers, we propose an integrated management framework on MSW management, aiming to maximize the overall eco-efficiency of MSW management.     

数值模拟结合SF_6示踪法确定煤层钻孔瓦斯抽采有效半径

为准确确定煤层钻孔的瓦斯抽采有效半径,实现最优钻孔设计及最佳抽采效果,根据煤层瓦斯流动理论与煤岩体变形理论,建立钻孔抽采煤层瓦斯的气固耦合数学模型。并利用COMSOLMultiphysics软件,模拟SF6气体在瓦斯渗流场内的运移过程。利用SF6气体示踪法进行现场测试。依据相似定律,结合模拟与实测结果确定钻孔抽采有效半径的范围。以黄陵集团一号煤矿306工作面为例进行试验研究。试验结果表明,模拟结果与实测结果基本吻合;在钻孔直径为94 mm,抽采负压为15 kPa的条件下,预抽30天后,试验工作面抽采有效半径为5.88 m。     

地铁区间隧道竖井送风有效风量研究*

为得到地铁区间隧道竖井送风有效风量的无量纲计算模型,通过推导地铁区间隧道竖井送风有效风量的无量纲公式,并采用数值模拟方法明确竖井送风有效风量与火源功率、火源距离、阻塞比和竖井送风量之间的量化关系。结果表明:火源功率、火源距离与竖井送风有效风量之间不存在函数关系;阻塞比对竖井送风有效风量影响显著,随着阻塞比的增大,有效风量逐渐减小,单侧列车停靠时,无量纲有效风量Qe*与阻塞比β呈-1.08次方减小关系,两侧列车停靠时,无量纲有效风量Qe*与阻塞比β呈-0.22次方减小关系;有效风量随竖井送风风量的增大逐渐增大,且有效风量增大比例高于送风风量,单侧列车停靠时,无量纲有效风量与无量纲送风风量呈1.11次方增大关系,两侧列车停靠时,无量纲有效风量与无量纲送风风量呈1.07次方增大关系。     

滤床熟化周期及其主要影响因素的研究

阐述滤床熟化的概念及其形成机理,对影响熟化床层的因素进行了试验研究,结果表明进水浊度、混凝效果及洗砂量是影响熟化床层的主要因素。由于集成型给水处理设备的表面滤层一直处于熟化状态,而滤层水流方向的深处滤料始终处于清洁状态,砂滤器内始终保持一种动态的平衡关系,滤床运行在熟化后的有效过滤期,因而能够保证较高的出水水质。     

Damage to DNA of effective microorganisms by heavy metals: Impact on wastewater treatment

The research is to test the damage to DNA of effective microorganisms(EMs)by heavy metal ions As3+,Cd2+,Cr3+,Cu2+,Hg2+, Pb2+,and Zn2+,as well as the effects of EM bacteria on wastewater treatment capability when their DNA is damaged.The approach applied in this study is to test with COMET assay the damage of EM DNA in wastewater with different concentrations of heavy metal ions As3+,Cd2+,Cr3+,Cu2+,Hg2+,Pb2+,Zn2+,as well as the effects of EM treated with As3+,Cd2+,Cr3+,Cu2+,Hg2+,Pb2+,and Zn2+ on COD degradin...     

机动车行驶过程道路扬尘影响因素试验研究

机动车行驶过程道路扬尘是城区颗粒物污染的主要因素,其贡献率可达30％-50％。城市路面积尘是机动车行驶过程道路扬尘的主要尘源。路面尘受机动车车轮积压作用、机车行驶过程诱导气流、热射流等综合尘化作用的影响,再次扬向空中并扩散,造成空气中颗粒污染物TSP、PM10浓度增高。实验模拟单车行驶,研究道路粉尘负荷、车速、排放源距离对总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）、可吸入颗粒物（PM10）浓度的影响,结果显示：TSP、PM10浓度与机动车行驶速度呈显著正相关;同一车速下与路面粉尘负荷呈对数变化规律;与排放源距离呈负相关。     

Sustainable options of post treatment of UASB effluent treating sewage: A review

The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process is reported to be a sustainable technology for domestic wastewaters treatment in developing countries and for small communities. However, the inability of UASB process to meet the desired disposal standards has given enough impetus for subsequent post treatment. In order to upgrade the UASB based sewage treatment plants (STPs) to achieve desired effluent quality for disposal or for reuse, various technological options are available and broadly differentiated as primary post-treatment for the removal of organic and inorganic compounds and suspended matter; secondary post-treatment for the removal of hardly degradable soluble matter, colloidal and nutrients; and polishing systems for removals of pathogens. Hence, this paper discusses the different systems for the treatment of UASB reactor effluent treating sewage. Additionally, a comparative review, an economic evaluation of some of the emerging options was conducted and based on the extensive review of different integrated combination, i.e. UASB-different aerobic systems, a treatment concept based on natural biological mineralization route recognized as an advanced technology to meet all practical aspects to make it a sustainable for environmental protection, resource preservation and recovering maximum resources.     

Efficient degradation of Rhodamine B by magnetically recoverable Fe3O4-modified ternary CoFeCu-layered double hydroxides via activating peroxymonosulfate

Environment-friendly nano-catalysts capable of activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) have received increasing attention recently. Nevertheless, traditional nano-catalysts are generally well dispersed and difficult to be separated from reaction system, so it is particularly important to develop nano-catalysts with both good catalytic activity and excellent recycling efficiency. In this work, magnetically recoverable Fe₃O₄-modified ternary CoFeCu-layered double hydroxides (Fe₃O₄/CoFeCu-LDHs) was prepared by a simple co-precipitation method and initially applied to activate PMS for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were applied to characterize morphology, structure, specific surface area and magnetism. In addition, the effects of several key parameters were evaluated. The Fe₃O₄/CoFeCu-LDHs exhibited high catalytic activity, and RhB degradation efficiency could reach 100% within 20 min by adding 0.2 g/L of catalyst and 1 mmol/L of PMS into 50 mg/L of RhB solution under a wide pH condition (3.0-7.0). Notably, the Fe₃O₄/CoFeCu-LDHs showed good super-paramagnetism and excellent stability, which could be effectively and quickly recovered under magnetic condition, and the degradation efficiency after ten cycles could still maintain 98.95%. Both radicals quenching tests and electron spin resonance (ESR) identified both HO? and SO₄^?? were involved and SO₄^?? played a dominant role on the RhB degradation. Finally, the chemical states of the sample's surface elements were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the possible activation mechanism in Fe₃O₄/CoFeCu-LDHs/PMS system was proposed according to comprehensive analysis.