颗粒活性炭吸附染料的类分形动力学特征的研究

建立了复杂分子吸附反应时指数h与分形子谱维数ds、分形介质的表面分形维数Ds 的关系式.对吸附动力学数据的模拟表明,不同温度下6种染料在颗粒活性炭表面的吸附过程符合非线性动力学.吸附速率一般随着温度的升高而增加,反应活化能在0 2 0～1 75kJ·mol- 1 之间.上述反应为快速反应.进一步分析表明,该吸附过程具有类分形动力学特征,吸附反应的逐时速率系数k与反应时间t呈指数关系;相应的分形子谱维数ds<2 .随着染料的初始浓度的增加,ds 也随之增加,而h和k0 值通常会随之降低.吸附3种酸性染料时,h和k0 值在本实验的温度范围内均随着温度的升高而增加;其它3种直接性染料也大都呈现h随着温度的升高而增加的趋势.上述吸附反应中有效反应级数x也与ds、Ds 有关,呈现分数反应级数     

含油污泥薄层干燥特性及动力学模型分析

采用薄层干燥方式进行含油污泥热干燥的研究,引入薄层干燥模型对含油污泥干燥过程进行模拟,结果表明,Midilli模型比其他模型更适合含油污泥的薄层干燥分析。应用Fick扩散模型,得到80～140℃条件下含油污泥干燥的有效扩散系数变化范围为1.08×10-10～4.22×10-10 m2/s,其值随着温度升高而增大。根据Arrhenius经验公式建立温度与扩散系数的关系,得到含油污泥干燥时水分扩散的活化能为27.26kJ/mol。     

真空条件下高分辩质谱对不同煤质热解释放CO_2分析

煤的热解机理和热解物质的形成与释放特征是煤田火灾研究领域的重要基础问题.本文以淮北不同煤种(烟煤,无烟煤,天然焦)为研究对象,在高真空条件下对样品进行热解,利用分子泵即时将热解气体产物抽入高分辨质谱检测器,在线分析热解过程中CO2的释放规律.研究结果表明:天然焦热解过程中产生的CO2,主要是样品和体系中残留以及吸附在煤微孔隙中O2分子反应生成;烟煤和无烟煤热解产生的CO2,主要是其内部含氧官能团在受热过程中分解形成,为不同煤种自燃发火防治提供资料.     

有效微生物(EM)处理食品废水的试验研究

针对有效微生物群(EM)中含有好氧和厌氧微生物的特点,采用SBR反应器,进行了用EM处理食品废水的试验研究.结果表明,当进水COD_Cr为2 000～4 000 mg/L,pH为5.5～6.5时,向废水中投加0.5%～0.7%的EM复壮液,曝气12 h,沉淀10 h,COD_Cr的质量浓度可降为700～2 000 mg/L,COD_Cr去除率可达83.0%.      

Temperature Effect on Migration of Zn and Cd Through Natural Clay

To investigate the effect of temperature on effective diffusion coefficients and retardation factors for Zn and Cd, combined diffusion and sequential extraction analyses were conducted at 15 ^˚C and 55 ^˚C. The effective diffusion coefficients of the metals increased up to ten times according to the increased temperature. On the other hand, the effect of temperature on the retardation factor depended on the retention mechanisms of the metals. The distribution coefficient for Zn, which was mainly partitioned in the carbonate phase, increased up to two times with the increase in temperature. On the other hand, the distribution coefficient for Cd, which was mainly partitioned in the exchangeable phase, was hardly affected by the temperature change. Results of combined diffusion and sequential extraction analysis showed that the effect of temperature on the heavy metals’ (Zn and Cd) migration through the compacted natural clay was influenced by the combined effects of the diffusion coefficient and the retardation factor. Additionally, we could also observe the change in retention mechanism for the metals with the change in pore water concentration.     

三峡库区典型流域水华暴发评价函数模型研究

藻类在光照充足时将无机磷酸和ADP转化为ATP以储备能量,外部条件改变时,则ATP可逆转换为ADP以释放能量.在此理论框架下根据三峡库区典型流域水华暴发时的现场监测数据研究了绿藻光合磷酸化的活化能ΔE、计算了库区流域中若干水系在不同水文条件下提供的有效能量Δe和综合营养指数TLI(Σ),并以ΔE、Δe和TLI(Σ)为参数构建了预测和判断不同水域环境中水华是否暴发的水华暴发评价函数F,在考虑外部因素和内部因素对水华暴发影响程度的大量计算和分析的基础上,确定了ΔE、Δe和TLI(Σ)的相关权重分别为a₁=0.3,a₂=0.3,a₃=0.4.模型计算和实地验证表明:F比单纯的TLI(Σ)作为水华暴发或者水体富营养化的判据更合理,更有说服力和更具普适性.     

Radiological hazard assessment of natural gross radioactivity in some cosmetic products

Many kinds of cosmetic products were analyzed to determine gross radioactivity. In this study, gross alpha/beta radioactivity concentrations in 51 cosmetic samples were determined. The examined cosmetic products consist of blusher, eye shadow, lipstick, nail polish, shampoo, hand cream, cellulite cream, baby powder, soap, and toothpaste. The gross alpha–beta activity concentrations were measured with a nuclear spectroscopic system which contains gas-flow proportional counters. The highest gross alpha/beta activity concentrations were found in eye shadow samples of 1.621Bq g^?1 for alpha and 6.471Bq g^?1 for beta. The total effective doses due to gross radioactivity for skin were calculated. Although the effective dose of eye shadow samples had the highest value, the effective doses due to gross radioactivity concentrations in this study were found to be lower than the radiological limits given by the authorities.     

消毒剂中PHMB和PHMG的测定方法探讨

依据《胍类消毒剂卫生标准》(GB 26367—2010)聚六亚甲基双胍(PHMB)的曙红比色法,改用5 cm比色皿可使吸光度值变高,线性范围变宽,该方法亦可用于聚六亚甲基单胍(PHMG)的测定。紫外分光光度法适用于测定含PHMB的单方消毒剂;高效液相色谱法用于区别PHMB和PHMG,并能够排除其他组分的干扰。     

原式电除尘器的特性及优势

介绍了原式电收尘器的特点，提出原式电收尘器较板式电收尘器不仅有很强的适应性，收尘效率高，而且适用场合广泛，制造工艺简单，运行成本低，有一定的推广使用价值。     

纸质褶裙式滤清器及其应用

高强芳粉尘滤纸构成的褶裙式滤清器用于工业防尘和空气净化装置。它与常规的静电除尘器、袋式除尘器相比,具有占地面积小、投资省、过滤流量大、使用面广、维护简便等优点,是一种新型的空气滤清设备。