Formation of aromatic chlorinated compounds catalyzed by copper and iron

This study shows the catalyzing effects of iron and copper on the formation of chlorinated compounds such as chlorobenzenes (ClBzs), chlorophenols (CIPhs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Both total concentrations and congener distributions have been studied. The parameters and conditions varied during the combustion tests were the complete and incomplete combustion and the metal and chlorine addition. The incomplete combustion promoted the formation of organic chlorinated compounds in flue gas particles. Highly chlorinated congeners of PCDD/F were dominant in the flue gas particles, whereas the importance of lower chlorinated congener were increased in the gas phase. In the complete combustion conditions the concentrations of PCDD/Fs increased when the degree of chlorination were high, nevertheless the concentrations of tetra and penta PCDD/Fs were higher in the gas phase than the concentrations in the fly ash particles. Organic chlorine promoted the formation of chlorinated compounds more effectively than inorganic chlorine, which instead promoted the formation of PCDD/Fs in the gas phase, especially with copper catalyst. Different concentration levels of chlorinated compounds were observed in the gas phase and in particles when the chlorine source and combustion conditions were varied from incomplete to optimum conditions. Both copper and iron seem to have a catalytic effect on PCDD/F formation.     

催化湿式氧化法处理对硝基酚钠废水的试验

以Mn-Ce-Zr-Cu复合型氧化物作为多相催化剂，采用催化湿式氧化法处理高浓度对硝基酚钠废水，考察了各种反应条件对废水处理效果的影响。结果表明：在温度220℃、压力2．5MPa、反应时间60min、催化剂加入量3g／L的条件下，COD去除率可达63．7％。经处理后的废水，BOD5／COD的比值由原来的0．016提高到0．33，从而为后续的生物降解创造了良好条件。     

Study on catalysts for combustion of lean CH4

In this study, cerarnics honeycomb-supported ABO₃ perovskite type oxides were preparedby changing the composition of A and B site cations, and observed their activities for lean CH₄ oxidation. In the case of change in A site composition La_0.3Sr_0.2MnO₃ and La_0.6Sr_0.4MnO₃ is the mostactive catalysts for 1 v% CH₄ and 2 v% CH₄ respectively. But LaMn_0.5Co_0.5O₃ oxide is the best ac-tive catalyst for 1-2v% CH₄ among the oxides by changing B site compositions of LaBO₃ and su-perior to La_0.3Sr_0.2MnO₃ and La_0.6S_0.4MnO₃catalysts.Adding trace Pd improved the activity and characteristics of space velocity for LaMn_0.5CO_0.5O₃and La_0.3Sr_0.2MnO₃ Although LaMn_0.5Co_0.5O₃ +Pd (0.03 wt%) was less active than the Pd catalyst,the activity was more than Pt catalyst at a conversion level below 90%.     

减少石蜡加氢生产中的剂耗及污染防治对策

结合石蜡加氢生产情况，从改善原材料质量、调整工艺参数、做好催化剂预硫化、灯油冲洗、调节白土加入量等方面来阐述优化操作，降低催化剂耗量的经验及污染防治对策．     

CuO对贵金属/CeO_2/Al_2O_3催化剂的作用

制备含少量贵金属Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ 的不同Ｃｕ 和Ｃｅ摩尔含量比（０∶１０，１∶９，２∶８）的催化剂，实验条件下加入ＣｕＯ可以提高Ｐｔ催化剂的二效活性；加入Ｃｕ∶Ｃｅ＝ ２∶８ 的ＣｕＯ降低了Ｐｄ 催化剂的三效性能，然而Ｃｕ∶Ｃｅ＝ １∶９时可以改善Ｐｄ 催化剂的三效催化性能⒚通过结构分析，认为ＣｕＯ的存在可以提高Ｐｄ 催化剂的比表面积，改善ＰｄＯ的分散度     

Ce-based catalysts used in advanced oxidation processes for organic wastewater treatment: A review

Refractory organic pollutants in water threaten human health and environmental safety, and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are effective for the degradation of these pollutants. Catalysts play vital role in AOPs, and Ce-based catalysts have exhibited excellent performance. Recently, the development and application of Ce-based catalysts in various AOPs have been reported. Our study conducts the first review in this rapid growing field. This paper clarifies the variety and properties of Ce-based catalysts. Their applications in different AOP systems (catalytic ozonation, photodegradation, Fenton-like reactions, sulfate radical-based AOPs, and catalytic sonochemistry) are discussed. Different Ce-based catalysts suit different reaction systems and produce different active radicals. Finally, future research directions of Ce-based catalysts in AOP systems are suggested.     

Mn基金属氧化物催化剂常温催化氧化甲醛

以硝酸铈和高锰酸钾为原料,采用络合法制备了一系列Mn-Ce-O混合氧化物催化剂,并通过正交实验设计方案,考察了Mn/Ce摩尔比、水化热温度、焙烧温度及焙烧时间对Mn-Ce-O混合氧化物催化剂常温催化氧化甲醛性能的影响,并采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）和红外光谱（IR）等技术对催化剂进行微观表征与分析.结果表明：当Mn/Ce摩尔比1：1,水化热温度为180℃,焙烧温度为350℃时,催化剂表现出最佳的常温氧化活性,36h甲醛降解率可达94.2%,且稳定性良好.催化剂氧化活性的高低与材料比表面积并非正相关,而与材料结构形态存在密切关联,而材料结构主要取决于水化热温度,其次是Mn/Ce摩尔比.     

NiO-Cr_2O_3/TiO_2系列催化剂的结构和脱硝性能

NOx是主要的大气污染物之一,如何有效地消除NOx污染,一直是全球研究的热点。CO催化还原NO是NOx污染控制中的一个重要反应。TiO2具有较好的抗水,抗SO2性能,除用NH3作为还原剂的V-W-Ti催化体系外,有关TiO2作为脱硝催化剂载体的研究或应用报道不多。因此,开展对TiO2基催化剂用于脱销具有十分重要的理论和实际意义。本研究以纳米TiO2为载体,浸渍负载过渡金属氧化物,以CO为还原剂的脱硝催化剂的脱硝性能。以计算量的Ni(NO3)2和Cr(NO3)3混合溶液,浸渍纳米TiO2粉末,室温下搅拌30 min至混合均匀,放入旋转蒸发器中,70℃、0.08 Mpa下至水分蒸干为止,在550℃下、空气气氛中焙烧4 h既得所需催化剂。用以上方法分别制备2%NiO-10%Cr2O3/TiO2、4%NiO-8%Cr2O3/TiO2、6%NiO-6%Cr2O3/TiO2、8%NiO-4%Cr2O3/TiO2与10%NiO-2%Cr2O3/TiO2等5种催化剂样品。     

道路灰尘PGEs时间变化特征

为了研究道路灰尘铂族元素（PGEs）时间变化规律及其影响机制,以上海市为研究区,共采集季节样品24个、年际样品18个.用王水消解制样,ICP-MS测定.结果表明,灰尘PGEs春、夏、秋、冬含量分别为,Rh：10.40（6.06～17.28）ng/g、11.60（5.52～20.11）ng/g、32.91（18.53～6...     

不同金属氧化物对等离子体降解甲苯的作用研究

常温常压下,研究介质阻挡放电(DBD)与4种金属氧化物催化剂(FeOx、MnOx、CuO、CoOx)联用降解甲苯废气.比较不同催化剂对甲苯去除率(η)、COx选择性(Scox)、副产物(O3、NO、NO2)产生量及能量产率(ηY)的影响.同时,用BET、XPS、H2-TPR、FT-IR等方法对催化剂进行表征,探究各种催化剂的不同作用.研究发现,FeOx的甲苯去除率及能量产率最高,而MnOx在分解O3和提高COx选择性方面效果最显著,但生成的NOx略高于其它催化剂.BET和H2-TPR的结果解释了4种催化剂的活性顺序:FeOxMnOxCuOCoOx无催化剂.XPS结果表明,使用过的锰催化剂有不同价态的C、N、O元素,且含有C—N,CO,C—O,CN或O—H键.FT-IR的结果进一步证实了这些键的存在,且发现可能有甲苯及其中间产物、苯甲醇和苯甲酰胺或其它酰胺物种存在,这可部分解释催化剂减少副产物生成量的原因.同时提出等离子体场下甲苯氧化机理.