化肥废水零排放工程实践

采用吹脱-A/O一体生化工艺对化肥废水进行处理,设计水量1800m3／d。进水NH3-N质量浓度为762mg／L,处理后的出水水质达到GB13458—2001《合成氨工业水污染排放标准》（中型一级）,全部回用车间作为循环冷却水,污水零排放。     

A goal oriented indicator framework to support integrated assessment of new policies for agri-environmental systems

The goal oriented framework (GOF) for indicators has been developed as part of a comprehensive research project developing computerised tools for integrated assessment of the effects of new policies or technologies on agricultural systems (SEAMLESS-IF). The ambition has therefore been to create an indicator framework where the environmental, economic and social dimensions of sustainable development can be related to each other in a consistent way. Integrated assessment tools rely on such frameworks to capture and visualise trade-offs (antagonisms or synergies) among indicators between and within the three dimensions of sustainable development. The specific aims of this paper are to (i) present the GOF (ii) present how the GOF can be used to select indicators within the integrated assessment framework SEAMLESS-IF and (iii) discuss the advantages and limitations with the proposed approach. We show that the GOF has several advantages. Its major rewards are its relative simplicity and the possibility to link indicators to policy goals of each dimension of sustainability and thereby facilitate the comparison of the impacts of the new policy on the different dimensions. Another important feature of the GOF is its multi-scale perspective, which will enable the comparison of effects of a new policy between scales. Yet, as typical for all indicator frameworks, the GOF has also biases either instigated by the issues the included models cover or by the stakeholders’ selection of indicators. However, due to the way the GOF and its indicators are technically implemented in SEAMLESS-IF, it can easily be extended and include new indicators to increase and update its policy relevance.     

白洋淀水生态综合调控决策支持系统设计

在充分挖掘白洋淀污染源控制、富营养化与沼泽化治理、长效生态节水及流域综合管理协调相关研究成果的基础上,以流域水生态系统健康和生态安全保障为目标,设计了集水生态系统健康诊断、水生态安全预警与应急、水量调控、污染物控制、淀区净化、综合调控、知识库子系统于一体的白洋淀水生态综合调控决策支持系统,为白洋淀流域的水生态安全保障提...     

A dynamic conceptualization of power for sustainability research

This paper takes up the challenge of providing a conceptual power framework to be used in the context of sustainability research. First, challenges of sustainability research are discussed by focusing specifically on recent insights from Integrated Sustainability Assessment (ISA), and on that basis some requirements for concepts to be used in sustainability research are postulated. It is argued that two of the most important aspects of sustainability assessment research are the long-term dynamics of change and an interdisciplinary paradigm. Second, a dynamic power framework is presented that was developed in the context of research on socio-technical sustainability transitions, including the basics of this power framework as well as some empirical illustrations. Third, it is discussed how the presented power framework deals with time, change and long-term dynamics, and how this contributes to the state-of-the-art. Fourth, it is indicated how the power framework integrates interdisciplinary and ‘interparadigmaticatic’ research requirements, and how this contributes to the state-of-the art. In conclusion, the arguments are summarized and some challenges for future research are distilled.     

广东省植被固碳量时空变化及气象贡献率研究

植被固碳能力对气象条件十分敏感,研究植被固碳量变化的气象贡献率,对提升生态环境质量、实现"碳中和"目标具有重要意义.文章基于植被净初级生产力数据和地面气象观测数据,利用相关性分析和模型模拟方法,分析广东省植被固碳量的时空分布特征及其对气象条件的响应规律,并定量研究植被固碳量变化的气象贡献率.结果表明,从空间分布而言,广...     

基于一体化生态空间格局的土地利用/覆被变化及其生态环境效应——以长三角为例

区域一体化发展背景下,一体化生态空间格局的构建及其生态环境效应评估兼具丰富生态系统完整性和关联性研究的理论价值、指导生态空间跨区域协同保护的现实意义.以长三角一体化区域为案例,基于生态系统完整性和关联性,开展生态过程模拟和潜在生态廊道识别研究,构建跨区域、一体化的生态空间格局;基于2000—2018年土地利用数据,解析生态空间格局的土地利用/覆被变化（LUCC）,核算生态空间格局的生态环境效应及其变化,分析污染物排放与生态环境质量的关系.结果表明,长三角地区的潜在生态廊道和一体化生态空间格局涵盖大部分城市,并主要分布在江苏沿江、安徽南部和浙江东南部地区;生态空间格局内生态用地占据主导,建设用地有缓慢增长的态势,导致生态环境质量有所降低;浙江东南部、安徽南部城市生态环境质量较高,且保持相对稳定;生态廊道内部缓冲区的生态环境质量较高,适合作为构建一体化生态空间格局、维护区域生态安全的主要载体;污染物排放与一体化生态空间的生态环境质量存在一定负相关关系,未来需要采取针对性措施以同步促进污染物减排和提升生态环境质量.     

Temporal variation of PM2.5-associated health effects in Shijiazhuang,Hebei

•Annual mean PM_2.5 in Shijiazhuang were 87, 95, and 82 µg/m³ in 2015–2017. •Health risk of cardiovascular system was higher than respiratory system. •Premature mortality attributed to PM_2.5 was 5088 people in 2017. •ΔMort and YLL reduced by 84.2% and 84.6% when PM_2.5 reduced to 10 µg/m³. •Health risks due to PM_2.5 were severe in Shijiazhuang in 2015–2017. Shijiazhuang is one of the cities in the North China Plain. In recent decades, this city has experienced high levels of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), which have potentially significant effects on human health. In this study, the health effects of PM_2.5 exposure in Shijiazhuang were estimated by applying an integrated exposure-response model. Premature mortality, years of life lost (YLL), and the mortality benefits linked to reduced levels of PM_2.5 were quantified for the period 2015–2017. In 2015, 2016, and 2017, cerebrovascular diseases caused the highest premature mortality (2432, 2449, and 2483, respectively), followed by ischemic heart diseases (1391, 1479, and 1493, respectively), lung cancer (639,660, and 639, respectively), and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (533, 519, and 473, respectively). Notably, the total number of premature deaths caused by PM_2.5 exposure in Shijiazhuang in 2015, 2016, and 2017 were 4994, 5107, and 5088, respectively. Moreover, the YLL in the same years were 47001, 47880 and 47381, respectively. Interestingly, the YLL per 1000 females was lower than that per 1000 males. Finally, we noted that premature mortality and YLL decreased by 84.2% and 84.6% when the PM_2.5 levels diminished to 10 µg/m³. Overall, the results of this study improve our understanding of how high PM_2.5 concentrations affect human health and suggest the application of more stringent measures in Shijiazhuang to alleviate the associated health risks.     

地理信息系统在监测综合技术中应用的评述

空间化监测信息的综合加工和快速而形象的反映是环境管理的迫切需求,亦是当前监测综合技术发展的主要特征。监测信息的综合分析是一个复合型的巨大系统,引入地理信息系统,不仅可满足上述需求,而且可作为支持该系统的有力工具。本文重点讨论了监测综合分析中应用地理信息系统的必要性、现状和特点。     

江苏省设区市生态环境监测监控规划关键问题研究

生态环境监测是生态文明建设的重要支撑。在设区市级环境监测监控能力普遍较弱、生态环境保护压力巨大的双重背景下,编制设区市生态环境监测监控规划具有重要意义。在调查了江苏省部分设区市环境监测监控规划的基础上,总结了规划编制在监测监控网络建设、监测监控能力建设、质量管理、大数据应用建设、人才队伍建设等方面的主要内容,针对规划中普遍存在的组织架构不清晰、特色发展定位不明确、环境监测监控融合发展谋划不足、项目建设可行性论证不够等关键问题,提出应理顺组织架构、明确特色发展定位、加强环境监测监控一体化发展谋划、加强项目建设可行性论证等对策建议,以期为今后的规划编制工作提供相关借鉴。     

城市综合交通枢纽内消防“准安全区”设置原则和评估流程研究

由于使用功能的需要,综合交通枢纽中的交通换乘大厅常设计为高大空间结构。在实际工程中,该类高大空间建筑部位超出了现行防火规范关于防火分区面积和安全疏散距离的要求,通常采用性能化方法进行评估,在性能化评估中一般采用"准安全区"的理念。目前,"准安全区"的火灾安全仅依靠性能参数的比较论证,没有较为统一的设计准则。从不同的净空高度出发,综合考虑自然排烟口面积占地板面积的比例、相邻自然排烟口的间距和单个自然排烟口的面积等多种因素影响下的综合交通枢纽换乘大厅作为"准安全区"的设计要求,提出了"准安全区"设计原则和评估流程,研究成果可直接用于综合交通枢纽换乘大厅的设计与评估中,并对类似建筑具有指导意义。