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91.
92.
Nana Cheng Cheng Zhang Deji Jing Wei Li Tianjiao Guo Qiaoli Wang Sujing Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(6):118-128
The source apportionment of PM2.5 is essential for pollution prevention. In view of the weaknesses of individual models, we proposed an integrated chemical mass balance-source emission inventory (CMB-SEI) model to acquire more accurate results. First, the SEI of secondary component precursors (SO2, NOx, NH3, and VOCs) was compiled to acquire the emission ratios of these sources for the precursors. Then, a regular CMB simulation was executed to obtain the contributions of primary particle sources and secondary components (SO42?, NO3-, NH4+, and SOC). Afterwards, the contributions of secondary components were apportioned into primary sources according to the source emission ratios. The final source apportionment results combined the contributions of primary sources by CMB and SEI. This integrated approach was carried out via a case study of three coastal cities (Zhoushan, Taizhou, and Wenzhou; abbreviated WZ, TZ, and ZS) in Zhejiang Province, China. The regular CMB simulation results showed that PM2.5 pollution was mainly affected by secondary components and mobile sources. The SEI results indicated that electricity, industrial production and mobile sources were the largest contributors to the emission of PM2.5 gaseous precursors. The simulation results of the CMB-SEI model showed that PM2.5 pollution in the coastal areas of Zhejiang Province presented complex pollution characteristics dominated by mobile sources, electricity production sources and industrial production sources. Compared to the results of the CMB and SEI models alone, the CMB-SEI model completely apportioned PM2.5 to primary sources and simultaneously made the results more accurate and reliable in accordance with local industrial characteristics. 相似文献
93.
互联网技术已经出现在了各行各业当中,极大地改变了现代生活的生产实践方式。也可以将互联网技术应用到环境监测综合管理平台当中去,建立起一体化式的管理模式,从数据监测、数据处理、预报预警、呈现展示等多个平台进行高效应用,全面提升环境监测综合管理平台的运行水平,这也是提高环境监测工作质量的重要举措。 相似文献
94.
David Manuel-Navarrete Gilberto C. Gallopín Mariela Blanco Martín Díaz-Zorita Diego O. Ferraro Hilda Herzer Pedro Laterra María R. Murmis Guillermo P. Podestá Jorge Rabinovich Emilio H. Satorre Filemón Torres Ernesto F. Viglizzo 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(3):621-638
Assessing the sustainability of complex development processes requires multi-causal and integrated analyses. We develop a
system-based methodology, rooted in interdisciplinary discussion and consensus building between 15 experts, to construct a
multi-causal diagram which examines the sustainability of the Argentine Pampas′ process of agriculturization. The resulting
diagram includes 25 factors and provides a big-picture of the multiple dimensions and interrelations affecting sustainability.
According to this examination, the increasing concentration of production and the incorporation of technological innovations,
triggered by economic and institutional factors, are the cause of environmental distresses and social changes, whose consequences
for sustainability are still highly disputed. Nevertheless, the symptoms of both environmental and social unsustainability
are more evident in the case of the extra-Pampean regions than in the Pampas. This suggests that the Pampean agriculture model
should not be transferred to these regions without substantial modifications. The experts did not reach consensus on whether
the agriculturization process is overall sustainable or unsustainable. Lack of consensus revolved mainly around opposing perspectives
regarding the significance of the threats to environmental sustainability. The magnitude of socio-distributive unbalance and
loss of rural jobs were also contentious. Yet, the paper shows how the exercise of building a joint causal diagram was undoubtedly
helpful for linking piece-meal disciplinary facts, brought in from all fronts, into a comprehensive and coherent picture.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
95.
Environmental integrated assessments are often carried out via the aggregation of a set of environmental indicators. Aggregated
indices derived from the same data set can differ substantially depending upon how the indicators are weighted and aggregated,
which is often a subjective matter. This article presents a method of generating aggregated environmental indices in an objective
manner via Monte Carlo simulation. Rankings derived from the aggregated indices within and between three Monte Carlo simulations
were used to evaluate the overall environmental condition of the study area. Other insights, such as the distribution of good
or bad values of indicators at a watershed and/or a subregion, were observed in the study. 相似文献
96.
Issues in developing a capacity for integrated analysis of mitigation and adaptation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
As policymakers and stakeholders increasingly consider relative merits and complementarities of climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies, it is important to improve analytical capacities to support this process. Because a single analytical approach is unlikely to fit all needs, this paper explores potentials for an integrated analytical framework that incorporates both top–down and bottom–up approaches. 相似文献
97.
Mika Rahikainen Inari Helle Päivi Haapasaari Soile Oinonen Sakari Kuikka Jarno Vanhatalo Samu Mäntyniemi Kirsi-Maaria Hoviniemi 《Ambio》2014,43(1):115-123
Understanding and managing ecosystems affected by several anthropogenic stressors require methods that enable analyzing the joint effects of different factors in one framework. Further, as scientific knowledge about natural systems is loaded with uncertainty, it is essential that analyses are based on a probabilistic approach. We describe in this article about building a Bayesian decision model, which includes three stressors present in the Gulf of Finland. The outcome of the integrative model is a set of probability distributions for future nutrient concentrations, herring stock biomass, and achieving the water quality targets set by HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan. These distributions can then be used to derive the probability of reaching the management targets for each alternative combination of management actions. 相似文献
98.
The relationship of forests in water quantity and quality has been debated during the past years. At the same time, focus
on climate change has increased interest in ecosystem restoration as a means for adaptation. Climate change might become one
of the key drivers pushing integrated approaches for natural resources management into practice. The National Adaptation Programme
of Action (NAPA) is an initiative agreed under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. An analysis was done to find
out how widely ecosystem restoration and integrated approaches have been incorporated into NAPA priority adaptation projects.
The data show that that the NAPAs can be seen as potentially important channel for operationalizing various integrated concepts.
Key challenge is to implement the NAPA projects. The amount needed to implement the NAPA projects aiming at ecosystem restoration
using integrated approaches presents only 0.7% of the money pledged in Copenhagen for climate change adaptation. 相似文献
99.
A. Sundaram R. J. West A. G. Raske A. Retnakaran 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):85-99
Abstract Spray atomization and deposition patterns of three formulations were investigated in five aerial spray trials in Newfoundland, to understand the inter‐relationships between physical properties, drop size spectra and recovery of the spray volume at ground level. Diflubenzuron (DFB) was sprayed at 30 g active ingredient in 2.0 L/ha. Futura XLV (Fu‐XLV) and Thuricide® 48LV (Thu‐48LV), spray formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.), were both applied undiluted at 30 BIU/ha, but in volume rates of 2.1 L/ha and 2.36 L/ha respectively. Each of the three formulations was applied over a 15 ha plot using a Piper Pawnee aircraft fitted with six Micronair® AU5000 atomizers. Spray drops were sampled with Kromekote® cards and deposits were collected on glass plates. Physical properties measured were: viscosity at variable shear rates, volatility and surface tension. The viscosities increased progressively from low (for DFB), moderate (for Thu‐48LV) to high (for Fu‐XLV) values, showing a gradual increase in pseudoplastic behaviour of the three formulations. The volatility data indicated an inverse relationship to the viscosities, but the surface tensions were similar for all the formulations. The highly pseudoplastic Fu‐XLV atomized into the least wide drop size spectrum. The Newtonian formulation of DFB, on the other hand, atomized into the widest drop spectrum; and the moderately pseudoplastic Thu‐48LV, into an intermediate drop spectrum. Thus viscosity and volatility were more important factors in liquid atomization and drop deposition, than surface tension. Among the three meteorological factors measured, relative humidity appeared more important in drop deposition than did wind speed and temperature, within the range measured. 相似文献
100.
化工园企业环境风险分级评估与管理方法研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为减少环境污染事故的发生,文章从化工园内企业化学品储存、运输、生产等潜在风险环节出发,结合企业风险管理水平及周边受体易损性,利用环境风险综合评价指数法对企业环境风险进行分级评估。在此基础上,以长江下游某化工园区调研的41家企业作为案例进行评估,结果显示:园区内重大、较大、一般环境风险企业分别占调查总数的2.4%,65.9%,31.7%。该评估方法从化工园企业风险控制的实际需求出发,具有实用性和可操作性,为化工园更有效的风险管理提供技术支持。 相似文献