近20a南海赤潮的时空分布特征及原因分析

收集整理了自1980～2004年的南海历次赤潮事件,并对这些赤潮事件在时间和空间的分布特征以及赤潮持续时间长度的变化特征进行了分析;探讨了形成南海赤潮时空分布特征和持续时间长度变化的可能原因.文章认为:赤潮在年度和月份分布不均的原因主要是气候差异以及各月份水文气象要素的主要演变特征不同;赤潮持续时间延长的原因与南海区气候转暖和广东近岸海域水质变差有关.研究发现赤潮事件的月份分布和赤潮持续时间长度存在历史性变异,有关现象值得管理部门和学术界的注意,而其中原因更有待进一步研究.     

青岛市生态环境质量动态变化研究简

以2011年Landsat TM遥感影像为基础数据源,利用遥感与GIS技术对青岛市生态环境状况进行了监测,依据《生态环境状况评价技术规范（试行）》（HJ/T 192-2006）对2000-2011年生态环境质量动态变化趋势进行了评价,在此基础上对地市级单位进行生态环境质量评价中存在的主要问题进行了分析。指出使用归一化系数评价不同区域同一时期的生态环境状况是有效的,但同一区域不同时期的同一指标却不具有可比性;地市级单位在应用规范的过程中发现,不能将“区”作为和“县”同级的评价单元; COD对环境的污染影响应与区域降水的总量负相关,在对COD负荷进行评价时,应考虑的是区域的降水总量。     

高盐浓度对工业废水生化处理的影响研究

研究了生物制药废水的不同含盐量对生化处理系统效果的影响,以及对该系统中的生物学变化规律的影响。在含盐量低于2.5×104mg/L时,废水生化处理系统COD去除率可稳定在92%左右,污泥活性良好;随着进水盐浓度的增加,含盐量达到2.5×104mg/L时,污泥活性开始受到抑制,COD去除率急剧下降至80%左右;当废水含盐量达到3.5×104mg/L时,污泥活性明显受到抑制,污泥絮体开始部分解体,COD去除率下降到60%左右;当废水含盐量达到6.0×104mg/L时,污泥活性系统趋于崩溃,原生动物近乎绝迹,污泥絮体细碎分散,可见少量球形游离细菌,COD去除率仅有45%左右。     

MODELING TRANSIENT pH DEPRESSIONS IN COASTAL STREAMS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA USING NEURAL NETWORKS1

ABSTRACT: Transient events in water chemistry in small coastal watersheds, particularly pH depressions, are largely driven by inputs of precipitation. While the response of each watershed depends upon both the nature of the precipitation event and the season of the year, how the response changes over time can provide insight into landscape changes. Neural network models for an urban watershed and a rural‐suburban watershed were developed in an attempt to detect changes in system response resulting from changes in the landscape. Separate models for describing pH depressions for wet season and dry season conditions were developed for a seven year period at each watershed. The neural network models allowed separation of the effects of precipitation variations and changes in watershed response. The ability to detect trends in pH depression magnitudes was improved by analyzing neural network residuals rather than the raw data. Examination of sensitivity plots of the models indicated how the neural networks were affected by different inputs. There were large differences in effects between seasons in the rural‐suburban watershed whereas effects in the urban watershed were consistent between seasons. During the study period, the urban watershed showed no change in pH depression response, while the rural‐suburban watershed showed a significant increase in the magnitude of pH depressions, likely the result of increased urbanization.     

Biotic and Abiotic Changes Along the Recovery Gradient of Two Impounded Rivers with Different Impoundment Use

Changes in physicochemical conditions and lotic benthic macroinvertebrates along the recovery gradient of the impounded Colorado (USA) and Duratón (Spain) Rivers were examined to identify and compare major factors affecting the structure of the macrobenthic community. Although both impounded rivers were exposed to hypolimnial releases from dams, they exhibited different impoundment use; Granby Dam (Colorado River) is used for water storage whereas Burgomillodo Dam (Duratón River) is used for hydroelectric production. The major factor responsible for macroinvertebrate responses in the Colorado River appeared to be the anomalous temperature pattern caused by Granby Dam, with relatively cool temperatures during the summer and relatively warm temperatures during the winter. In contrast, the major factors responsible for macroinvertebrate responses in the Duratón River seemed to be short-term flow fluctuations and low oxygen concentrations caused by Burgomillodo Dam. Values of taxonomic richness and relative abundances of shredders (Colorado River) and scrapers (Duratón River) increased along the recovery gradient of the impounded rivers. In general, chironomids (Diptera) were tolerant to both types of impoundment use, whereas elmids (Coleoptera) and psychomyiids (Trichoptera) were very sensitive. Overall, this environmental monitoring study denotes that the downstream changes in the biotic and abiotic components of impounded rivers is a function of the particular use of impoundments.     

我国暴雨极端事件的气候变化特征

利用我国东部２５站４５ａ大一暴雨日数、暴雨日数、１ｄ最大降水量资料,分析了我国暴雨频数及一日最大降水强度时空分布特征．分析表明,８０年代后全国暴雨极端事件乎均趋势为：除华北外出现频数明显上升,强度增大．异常年份出现频数变化不明显．大暴雨频数存在１０ａ左右周期．     

新疆伊犁州2000～2005年生态环境质量变化评价与分析

利用Landsat-5 TM遥感影像解译的土地利用数据分析了新疆伊犁州(州直辖)2000～2005年的土地利用变化,同时根据<生态环境状况评价技术规范>(试行)(HJ/T192-2006),对该区域生态环境质量状况进行综合评价,对生态环境指标变化情况进行对比分析.结果表明,2000～2005年伊犁州的生态环境质量均为一般,生态环境质量指数(E1)减少0.71.主要原因为草地面积明显减少,耕地面积明显增加.