Morphology of single inhalable particle in the air polluted city of Shijiazhuang, China

In the typical air polluted city of Shijiazhuang,single inhalable particle samples in non-heating period,heating pened,dust storm days,and snowy days were collected and detected by SEM/EDS(scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry).The particle morphology was characterized by the 6 shape clusters,which areirregular square,agglomerate,sphere,floccule,column or stick,and unknown,by quantitative order.The irregular square particles are common in all kinds of samples;sphere particles are more,and column or stick are less in winter samples;in the wet deposit samples,agglomerate and floccule particles are not found.The surface of most particles is coarse with fractal edge,which can provide suitable chemical reaction bed in the polluted atmospheric environment.New formed calcium crystal is found to demonstrate the existence of neutralized reaction,explaining the reason for the high SO2 emission and low acid rain frequency in Shijiazhuang.The three sorts of surface patterns of spheres are smooth,semi-smooth,and coarse,corresponding to the element of Si-dominant,Si-Al-dominant,and Fe-dominant.The soot particle is present as floccule with average size around 10 μm,considerably larger than the former reported results,but wrapped or captured with other fine particles to make its appearance unique and enhance its toxicity potentially.The new formed calcium crystal,the 3 sorts of sphere surface patterns,and the unique soot appearance represent the single inhalable particle's morphology characteristics in Shijiazhuang City.     

SDS改性沸石吸附结晶紫简

以表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）对沸石进行改性，改性后的沸石对结晶紫溶液进行吸附，以紫外可见分光光度计分析最佳吸附条件。实验结果表明，在30℃，SDS改性沸石投入量为0.25 g；吸附平衡时间为1 h；pH为8的条件下，对含50 mg/L结晶紫染料的去除率可达到92.6%，吸附量达到4.63 mg/g。SDS改性沸石吸附结晶紫的等温吸附曲线与Henry型和Freundlich型均拟合较好。热力学参数计算结果表明，吸附符合自发吸热过程。     

SCR脱硝系统中尿素热解装置防结晶对策探讨

尿素热解制氨由于其在安全方面的优势,已经越来越多的应用到燃煤电厂脱硝系统中.但结晶问题却始终困扰着所有的尿素热解制氨装置.结合多家电厂处理实际运行中的尿素热解装置出现结晶的经验,着重分析了结晶产生的不同原因,并对部分样品进行了检测,分析了结晶样品的成分.探讨了预防结晶的对策,对尿素热解装置的设计和运行都提出了建议,以期能提高目前尿素热解制氨装置的运行可靠性.     

Effect of acute exposure of acephate on hemocyte abundance in a non-target victim Drosophila melanogaster

Organophosphate insecticide acephate was tested to investigate effects on hemocyte abundance in a non-target dipteran insect Drosophila melanogaster. For this purpose, third-instar larvae were fed on four graded concentrations (2, 4, 6, or 8 μg/ml) acephate for a period of 12 and 24 hr (acute treatment). Control groups were simultaneously maintained for comparison. Relative proportions of plasmatocytes in hemolymph smear were found to fall with increasing concentrations of the test chemical. Similar decreasing trend in population of lamellocytes was also noted after 12 and 24 hr chemical exposure. In contrast to plasmatocytes and lamellocytes, crystal cell number was found to rise with increasing pesticide concentration. Several factors like oxidative stress, apoptosis induction, and mitotic failure might be the cause of reduced plasmatocyte and lamellocyte count. The elevated number of crystal cells in hemolymph smears is directly indicative of high melanin synthesis that assists larvae to combat chemical stress, since melanin is well known for its potential to minimize physical, chemical, and pathogenic stress.     

重金属杂质对磷酸铵镁结晶法处理制药废水的影响

磷酸铵镁沉淀法处理废水时常受众多因素影响，其中重金属类杂质对该过程影响较大。实验研究了Mn²⁺、Cu²⁺杂质存在条件下，用该法去除制药废水中PO₄^3-、NH₄⁺污染物，同时，用XRD、XRF、SEM等手段研究了所得鸟粪石晶体特征。结果表明，pH为9.5时，Mn²⁺、Cu²⁺杂质存在条件下，PO₄^3-去除率分别为88%和85%，投加晶种有利于回收特定晶形鸟粪石，Cu²⁺对磷酸铵镁结晶过程的影响较Mn²⁺存在时显著。     

CAE软件跌落仿真在遥控器结构设计上的应用

本文介绍CAE(Computer Aided Engineering)仿真软件在提高遥控器液晶显示屏跌落保护中的应用,阐述CAE在产品设计上的重要性,使CAE仿真软件能得到广泛的应用。     

氨法在烧结烟气脱硫中的应用

在钢铁工业排放的污染物中，烧结烟气中的二氧化硫和焦化废氨水等都是难以处理的污染物。利用焦化废氨水吸收烧结烟气中SO2的氨一硫铵工艺具有脱硫率高、运行可靠、投资低、副产品可以回收等优点，在脱硫的同时也去除了焦化废水中的氨污染，是一种以废治废、有应用前景的新方法。本文介绍了采用焦化废氨水吸收烧结烟气中的SO2的治污方法原理，并对其工艺流程、特点及运行费用等作了分析。     

Synthesis and characterisation of potassium polytitanate for photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet

Potassium titanate nanostructures were synthesised by hydrothermal treatment of TiO2 （P25） in KOH and H2O2. As-produced powders were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption methods. Longitudinally-oriented-wire-like structures with a length up to several micrometres and diameters ranging from 10 to 30 nm were obtained. Larger size fibrous nanowires resulting from the hydrotherrnal treatment showed high affinity in adsorbing crystal violet （CV）, which was mainly due to their high surface area. The photocatalytic bleaching of CV solution revealed that the wires are photoactive under ultraviolet light irradiation. Macroporous nanowires are considered as effective adsorbents of CV, capable of photocatalvtic degradation, and they can be easily separated from the solution by settling.     

壳聚糖吸附印染废水中结晶紫效果的研究

研究了壳聚糖对染料结晶紫的吸附条件,探讨了壳聚糖添加量、结晶紫溶液初始浓度、温度等因素对壳聚糖吸附性能的影响。结果表明,随着壳聚糖添加量的增加,其对结晶紫的吸附能力也增强;吸附量随结晶紫初始质量浓度的增加而增大,溶液中结晶紫的去除率随其初始浓度的增加也呈缓慢增加趋势;随着吸附温度从30℃升高到50℃,壳聚糖对结晶紫溶液的平衡吸附量有所减少。壳聚糖对结晶紫的吸附动力学符合Lagergren方程二级吸附模型和Elovich方程,吸附过程的表观活化能（Ea）为7．24kJ／mol。     

La/Ce-codoped Bi2O3 composite photocatalysts with high photocatalytic performance in removal of high concentration dye

A series of La/Ce-codoped Bi_2O_3 composite photocatalysts were fabricated via hydrothermal–calcination process. The as-prepared products were intensively characterized by some physicochemical characterizations like N_2 physical adsorption, X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM), transmission electron microscope(TEM), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance(UV–Vis DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),photoelectrochemical measurements, and photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy. The characterization results indicated that La and Ce doping induced obvious crystal phase transformation in Bi_2O_3, from monoclinic to tetragonal phase. La and Ce codoping also gave rise to the obvious synergetic effects, e.g., the lattice contraction of Bi_2O_3, the decrease of crystal size and the increase of surface area. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared catalysts was evaluated by removal of dye acid orange II with high concentration under visible light irradiation. Results showed that La/Ce-codoped Bi_2O_3 displayed much higher photocatalytic performance than that of bare Bi_2O_3, single La or Ce doped Bi_2O_3 samples. The superior photocatalytic activity was mainly attributed to the improved texture and surface properties and the synergistic effects of La and Ce codoping on suppressing the recombination of photo-generated electrons(e~-) and holes(h~+).