Comparison of two sample preparation methods for analysis of organochlorine pesticides residues in fish muscle

The aim of this study was to compare recoveries of organochlorine pesticides (heptachlor, α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, op′-DDD, pp′-DDD, pp′-DDE, op′-DDT, pp′-DDT) from fish muscle dried by two alternative methods: (i) grinding with anhydrous sodium sulphate and (ii) freeze drying. Pesticide residues content was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS) method. For four pesticides (γ-HCH, α-HCH, heptachlor and pp;-DDD) in four of five fish species, higher recoveries were obtained from the freeze-dried samples. For five remaining pesticides, correlations between fish species and drying method were not found. The results of this study do not clearly indicate which drying method caused lower losses of analytes. Recoveries from the freeze-dried samples ranged from 69.9 to 117.6 %, while recoveries from the samples ground with sodium sulphate varied from 64.4 to 126.7 %. Either of the methods gave satisfactory recoveries and they both can be used interchangeably.     

Assessing deposition levels of 55Fe, 60Co and 63Ni in the Ignalina NPP environment

Two RBMK-1500 reactor units operated in Lithuania in the 1987-2004 period (one of them was stopped for decommissioning in 2004). This study presents a preliminary investigation of surface deposition density levels of ⁵⁵Fe and ⁶³Ni in moss samples collected in the close vicinity of the Ignalina NPP. Non-destructive analysis by the HPGe gamma-spectrometry was followed by radiochemical separation. Radiochemical analysis was based on anion-exchange and extraction chromatography. ⁵⁵Fe and ⁶³Ni activities were measured by liquid scintillation counting (LSC). The results indicate that the deposition values of ⁵⁵Fe are generally higher than those of ⁶⁰Co and ⁶³Ni.     

Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic determination of Baygon in water

Abstract

A simple analytical procedure for determination of Baygon in water is described. The Baygon residues are extracted on a C₁₈ SEP‐PAK cartridge and subsequently analyzed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography using ultraviolet detection at 272 nm. Water samples spiked with Baygon are found to give greater than 90 percent recoveries.

Concentration levels as low as 20 ppb can be easily detected by this method.     

挥发性有机物气体污染源监测中直接采样法的评价

挥发性有机物气体污染源监测中 ,采样与样品的保存是极其关键的环节 ,文中评价了两种材质的塑料采样袋对样品保存的影响 ,并与玻璃针筒进行比较 ,讨论了塑料袋和玻璃针筒采样中导致样品浓度衰减的主要因素     

Experimental investigation and modelling of tritium washout by precipitation in the area of the nuclear power plant of Paks, Hungary

Tritium occurs in nature in trace amounts, but its concentration is changing due to natural and artificial sources. Studies focusing on natural tritium have to take into account the effect of artificial sources. Also, the impact of tritium is an important issue in environmental protection, e.g. in connection with the emissions from nuclear power plants. The present work focuses on the rain washout of tritium emitted from the Paks nuclear power plant in Hungary. Rainwater collectors were placed around the plant and after a period of precipitation, rainwater was collected and analysed for tritium content. Samples were analysed using low-level liquid scintillation counting, with some also subject to the more accurate ³He ingrowth method. The results clearly show the trace of the tritium plume emitted from the plant; however, values are only about one order of magnitude higher than environmental background levels. A washout model was devised to estimate the distribution of tritium around the plant. The model gives slightly higher concentrations than those measured in the field, but in general the agreement is satisfactory. The modelled values demonstrate that the effect of the plant on rainwater tritium levels is negligible over a distance of some kilometres.     

水中佳乐麝香的固相微萃取-气质联机测定方法

采用聚二甲基硅氧烷膜厚100μm的纤维萃取设备,阐述了测定水中HHCB的固相微萃取-气质联机的检测方法。研究发现,对于水中的HHCB来说,温度控制在35℃,萃取时间为40 min,pH值为7.0,可实现HHCB的有效萃取,水中的离子对萃取效率的干扰较小。使用该方法测得上海龙华污水厂原水中HHCB浓度为286 ng/L,虹口区泗塘河水中HHCB浓度低于检测下限。     

湖泊水体悬浮物中痕量砷的测定方法

重金属在悬浮物和水相中的分配是水体重金属形态研究的重要组成部分,对于追踪水体中重金属元素的来源、迁移转化规律以及重金属生态与健康效应具有重要意义.水中砷元素以其极强的毒性严重危害人类的健康,已越来越引起政府和社会的广泛关注.然而,目前关于痕量悬浮物中砷测定的前处理过程及室内分析的方法与质量控制的叙述不够详尽,有必要对此做深入的研究.本文针对悬浮物较少的水域,选用7个滇池水样,采用不同滤膜、不同预处理方法、不同消解用酸及消解时间,测定并比较砷空白值,试图通过改变实验条件降低空白值,探索前处理的最佳条件及步骤.结果表明,对于悬浮物较少的湖泊水域,采用预称重的醋酸纤维膜过滤水样、载有颗粒物的滤膜冷冻干燥、HNO3-HCl O4加热共消解36 h,消解上清液用氢化物发生原子荧光光度计测定砷空白值低于悬浮物一个数量级以上,膜空白砷相对标准偏差为2.80%~11.38%,膜空白加标回收率为83%~103%;与滇池5个实际样品验证误差范围0.27%~6.92%.此方法可以可靠地获得悬浮物中的砷含量,在砷含量较低的水体悬浮物测定方面具有优势.     

温度对煤体坚固性系数的影响试验

为了研究煤体坚固性系数(f)随温度变化的规律,对f的测量试验装置进行了改进,然后在温度为-20-60℃时测定了若干组贵州煤样的f,并对温度为0～60℃时的数据进行了分析.结果表明,无论是突出还是非突出煤体的f均随温度升高而变小,随温度降低而增大,且呈线性关系;非突出煤样的f随温度变化的幅度往往大于突出煤样.研究表明,尽管f受温度影响较小,但当f接近现行的突出指标临界值0.5时,须根据井下煤层的环境温度测定其对应的f,才可将此时的f作为判断突出危险性的可信参数,否则容易误判.     

Numerical simulation of evaporation of volatile liquids

The paper presents the results of the validation of the developed pool evaporation model using literature and our own experimental data. The proposed model was used to examine the effect of wind velocity and pool sizes on the evaporation rate of volatile liquid (hexane). Contrary to the semi-empirical evaporation model widely used in hazard assessment, stronger dependence of evaporation rate on pool size at low wind speeds is obtained.     

Fire accident investigation of an explosion caused by static electricity in a propylene plant

This study investigated a 2010 fire and explosion that occurred at a polypropylene (PP) and copper-clad laminate high-tech plant in Taiwan. Liquid acetone leakage caused the fire and explosion. One person was killed and five were injured; property damage was estimated at US$20 million. In contrast to conventional plants, high-tech plants have sophisticated instrumentation, highly complex pipelines, and confined spaces. In addition, the floor area in a high-tech plant is large and frequently contains a channel through the ground floor to the second or third floor. This channel design enables the fire compartment to be destroyed. Therefore, the system cannot confine the fire to a specific area, thus hindering fire-relief operations. In this study, the original fire outbreak occurred in the PP processing area on the ground floor. The acetone storage tank was located on the third floor. The investigation conducted at the fire site of the situations of the burning (bursting) loss determined that the acetone liquid leaked and dripped from floor cracks and tunnel oven to the PP processing area. Because the PP manufacturing process rapidly generates static electricity, the flammable liquids made contact with the source of ignition, which caused the explosion and fire. Various procedures, such as those involving the operating environment of production, packaging, and processing in a high-tech plant, are likely to produce static electricity in a workplace. Improved electrostatic management can prevent the loss of property and lives, liquid acetone leakage, and loss of equipment caused by static electricity fire.