九寨沟风景区游客入游距离特征研究

九寨沟风景区属于长江支流水系的上游，是长江支流源头区以景观资源（尤其是水景观）及生态旅游资源为特色的典型地区，目前旅游业成为当地及同类地区的旅游重要产业。旅游市场是当地旅游发展基础之一。在实地游客抽样调查及旅游区游客登记统计共涉及约2万人统计资料及数据库处理的基础上较系统地研究了九寨沟入游游客的入游距离特征。对九寨沟不同目标市场游客的入游距离特征进行了统计描述，揭示了游客入游距离与年龄、收入、职业、文化、心理收入、旅游态度相关，而与旅游动机相关性不明显，景观偏好可以反映游客的旅游心理特征，并在一定程度上影响入游距离。同时揭示了入游距离感知的距离衰减特征，印证了心理学感知理论中的韦伯理论在距离感知中的体现。还解释了游客的主观假设替代旅游地的旅游距离与入游距离呈线性相关关系。     

National implications of a 50% global reduction of greenhouse gases, and its feasibility in Japan

This paper considers three questions concerning a low-carbon society. The first is the implication of a 50% reduction in greenhouse gases (GHGs) by 2050. In the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report, released in 2007 (IPCC 2007b; http://www.gtp89.dial.pipex.com/chpt.htm), the suggested limit of increase in average worldwide temperatures is 2–3°C above the current level, but is this consistent with a 50% reduction by 2050? Second, when a 50% reduction in global emissions is envisioned, what is the level of reduction needed in Japan? Should the 50% reduction be uniform for advanced industrial countries and developing countries, or differentiated based on a country’s emissions? Third, how feasible are emission reduction targets in Japan? Even if the emission reduction target set for each country takes into account climate change impact and equity, whether the target is technically, or socially and economically, acceptable is another matter.     

环评助推房地产业低碳发展的思考和对策建议

在全球变暖的趋势下,人们越来越重视碳排放问题,房地产业作为碳排放大户,履行节能减排、建筑低碳任务应首当其冲,本文从房地产项目的环评及其技术评估角度,论述了中国城市房地产项目建筑低碳化一般采取的措施和具体要求,探讨符合中国国情的城市低碳房地产发展的对策和建议。     

考虑群体差异的公路客运站旅客集聚行为分析

为降低客运站高峰期旅客集聚引起的安全隐患,利用公路客运全样本购票数据,首先,从集聚概率、集聚时长、集聚强度3个维度构建旅客集聚行为量化模型,获取工作日、节假日及春运不同等级客运站客流集聚特征;然后,考虑旅客个体属性与出行特征属性,分析不同旅客群体的集聚行为特征;最后,通过差异性检验解析集聚行为的影响因素,并提出降低安全...     

浅析自动扶梯超速与非操纵逆转保护装置检测的几种方法

文章针对自动扶梯的超速与非操纵逆转保护功能的检测,介绍了“人为动作开关法”、“人为切除信号法”、“盘车法”、“电动机反接法”、“串接空气开关法”、“工况模拟法”等几种方法的原理、应用范围、优缺点,并从通用性、功能、准确性和定量性方面进行了比较,最后总结出“工况模拟法”具有通用、准确、可靠、可定量检测的特点。     

Carbon leakage: Grandfathering as an incentive device to avert firm relocation

Emission allowances are sometimes distributed for free in an early phase of a cap-and-trade scheme to reduce adverse effects on the profitability of firms. This paper investigates whether grandfathering can also be used to avert the relocation of firms to countries with lower carbon prices. We show that under certain conditions, relocation can be averted in the long run, even if the grandfathering scheme is phased out over time and immediate relocation is profitable in its absence. This requires that the permit price triggers sufficient investments into low-carbon technologies or abatement capital that create a lock-in effect which makes relocation unprofitable.     

旅游网站中旅游经历分享行为的影响因素研究--基于感知互动性

以S-O-R理论为框架,结合感知互动性理论与价值理论,构建旅游网站中旅游经历分享行为的研究模型。结果表明:①用户在使用旅游网站过程中的感知互动性正向影响其对该网站信息价值的感知程度、自我呈现的满足程度和社会认同的满足程度。②用户对旅游网站的感知互动性会通过社会认同的满足促进用户的分享行为。③用户对旅游网站的感知互动性会通过信息价值感知和社会认同满足促进用户的分享意愿,而用户的分享意愿正向影响其分享行为。     

区域高速公路网络构建对可达性空间格局的影响——以安徽沿江地区为实证 

以安徽沿江为实证，采用加权平均旅行时间指标，分析了高速公路网构建对节点区内联系及区外联系可达性格局的影响，并以此为基础，综合分析了节点总体可达性格局的变动；随后对总体可达性的变动幅度及其相对可达性变动格局进行了探讨。结果表明：安徽沿江高速公路网络的构建显著提高了区域整体可达性，且促进了可达性的均衡化；区内联系可达性、区外联系可达性及总体可达性三者格局特征不同，路网构建所形成的影响也各有差别；东部及北部地区可达性变动幅度小于西南部地区；根据可达性系数的变化幅度及方向，可将节点归为相对可达性下降、相对可达性稳定及相对可达性上升3类。     

An experimental study to explore WTP for aviation carbon offsets: the impact of a carbon tax on the voluntary action

As Australia recently introduced a mandatory carbon price, this paper provides a rare perspective of how such institutional changes influence consumer preferences for voluntary climate action. When examined using three contingent valuation questions, the results show that the compliance mechanism induces a substantial reduction in the number of air travellers who are willing to pay extra for voluntary carbon offsets and in the payment amount, although the crowding-out effect is incomplete. A disproportionately larger welfare benefit is attached to the carbon offsets for a domestic flight than its international counterpart. Overall empirical findings advocate the continued role of voluntary programmes.     

<Emphasis Type="Bold">Chronodisruption and cancer</Emphasis>

Research into health effects of chronodisruption (CD), a relevant disturbance of the circadian organization of physiology, endocrinology, metabolism and behaviour, is evolving at a rapid pace. With regard to malignancies, our synthesis of key experiments indicates that CD can play a causal role for cancer growth and tumor progression in animals. Moreover, our meta-analyses of 30 epidemiological studies evince that flight personnel and shift workers exposed to chronodisruption may have increased breast and prostate cancer risks: summary relative risks (RRs) for investigations of flight personnel and of shift workers suggested a 70 and 40% increase in the risk of breast cancer, respectively, and excess relative risks of prostate cancer in nine studies in flight personnel (40%) and in two studies in male shift workers. There was a remarkable indication of homogeneity of results from the individual studies that contribute to the average statistics. However, in view of doubts about whether the differing assessments of CD can really be regarded as valid reflections of the same causative phenomenon and the lack of control of covariates in the majority of studies, it is premature to conclude that the risk observations reflect a real, rather than spurious, association with CD. The challenge for future epidemiological investigations of the biologically plausible links between chronodisruption and human cancers is to conduct studies which appreciate details of transmeridian travelling, of shift work and of covariates for the development of the diseases.