Elusive Partnerships: Gas extraction and CSR in Bangladesh

This paper examines Chevron's programme of CSR at a gas field in Bangladesh. Whilst apparently building partnerships in the villages that surround the Bibiyana Gas Field, we suggest that the corporation remains detached from the local population via their community development programmes and employment policies. This contradiction is submerged by ideas and practices within global development discourse which celebrate the disconnection and disengagement of donors via the rhetoric of sustainability. Chiming with development praxis and the neo-liberal values which underscore it by stressing self-reliance, entrepreneurship and ‘helping people to help themselves’, the corporation's Community Engagement Programme does little to meet the demands of local people who hoped for employment and long term investment, a form of connection that is discordant to discourses of self-reliance and sustainability.     

作物秸秆对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用

通过室内模拟实验研究了大麦、水稻和小麦3种作物秸秆对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的抑制作用，并计算了不同秸秆的抑制率和抑制中浓度（EC₅₀）。研究结果表明，大麦秸秆、水稻秸秆和小麦秸秆对铜绿微囊藻的生长有显著的抑制作用，而且随着培养时间和秸秆投加量的增加，抑制作用提高。处理96 h后大麦和水稻秸秆处理下的铜绿微囊藻几乎全部死亡，表明本研究所用不同作物秸秆对铜绿微囊藻的生长有显著的抑制效果。研究结果还表明，大麦、水稻和小麦秸秆对铜绿微囊藻的72 h-EC₅₀由大到小依次是大麦>水稻>小麦，分别为248、334和1 943 mg/L，表明不同植物的秸秆对藻类的影响作用不同。分析3种秸秆抑制铜绿微囊藻生长的原因可能是3种植物秸秆在好氧的条件下可以分解产生多种具有抑藻作用化学物质，如有机酸、含甲基的酚类物质、醇类和酮类物质等，这些物质通过化感作用抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长，尤以大麦秸秆作用最为明显。     

Comparative degradation between heavy and light crude oil mediated by nitrogen‐induced cell‐surface hydrophobicity

A bacterial strain UKMP‐10M2 isolated from a Malaysian petroleum refinery was able to degrade 84% of heavy Khafji sour crude and 68% of light Tapis sweet crude within seven days. Analysis of gas chromatography‐flame ionization detector chromatograms show the strain UKMP‐10M2 degraded up to 90% pristane and 50% phytane in heavy crude, but significantly lower pristane (50%) and phytane (30%) were degraded from the light crude. A mixture of aliphatic hexadecane and three‐ring phenanthrene better supported the growth of isolate UKMP‐10M2 compared to using phenanthrene alone, suggesting cometabolism influenced how crude oil with different individual hydrocarbon contents affected the degradation. Peptone as the source of nitrogen increases the emulsifying index in UKMP‐10M2 exposed to heavy Khafji sour crude 20% higher than in light Tapis sweet crude. However, BATH assay showed the same nitrogen source increases bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity of UKMP‐10M2 up to 14% higher in light Tapis crude oil compared to heavy Khafji. This study suggest the nitrogen source plays a decisive role in elevating UKMP‐10M2 bacterial cells hydrophobicity, and in correlation with types of crude oil. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on 16S rDNA sequence results identified the strain to be Rhodococcus ruber.     

Human serum paraoxonase gene polymorphisms and association with chronic symptoms of pesticide toxicity in Indian farmers

The association between PON1 (serum paraoxonase) genotype and symptoms of pesticide toxicity was examined in a total of 268 farm workers in Andhra Pradesh, India. Approximately 140 of the farm workers who did not report at least two of the symptoms of chronic toxicity, such as abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, fatigue, tremors of fingers, numbness, or limb weakness were categorized as controls. The remaining 128 farmers showed 2 or more of the above symptoms. All the farm workers were genotyped for polymorphisms of PON1 gene at amino acid positions 55 (exon 3) and 192 (exon 6). A decrease in the percentage of high-activity genotypes at both L55M and Q192R was observed in the farm workers reporting symptoms of pesticide toxicity. When combined genotype distribution at both exons was analyzed, a marked increase in the percentage of low-activity genotypes LLQQ, LMQQ, MMQQ, and MMQR was also observed in symptomatic farmers compared to controls. Age, working years, smoking, duration of exposure, and alcoholism were not statistically significant when compared to symptoms of chronic toxicity. Our findings suggest that L55M and Q192R gene polymorphisms influence the variable susceptibility of farmers to pesticide; and thus may be considered a useful biomarker of genetic susceptibility in assessing an individual's risk of pesticide exposures.     

2004年12月26日印尼8.7级强震后江苏地区同震效应分析

在2004年12月26日印尼苏门答腊北部发生8.7级强烈地震后,对江苏省地震前兆观测资料进行了及时的清理和分析,发现凡是能监测地下应力活动的前兆观测手段,如应变、地倾斜、水温和水位,在这次特大地震的震后都记录到了显著的异常,且异常的表现形式各不相同,将这些异常列出并浅析之,以期对进一步深入研究这次地震对我国未来地震趋势的影响有所帮助。     

城市生活垃圾堆肥厂中的除臭技术

本文分析了垃圾堆肥厂臭气的来源，臭气的成份，介绍了脱臭技术及其设计参数，提出了在垃圾堆肥厂的设计建设中应重视臭气污染，除臭设施应同步建设的观点。     

少筋钢筋混凝土桥墩M-φ曲线的计算

应用有限条法 ,对圆端形桥墩正截面弯矩 -曲率 (M φ)关系曲线进行计算。计算中针对桥墩截面低配筋率情况考虑了混凝土抗压强度计算、抗拉强度计算及钢筋的弹性段、屈服平台段和强化段计算。应用MATLAB编写了计算程序 ,并分析了受拉区混凝土抗拉强度对低配筋率钢筋混凝土桥墩M φ曲线的影响。最后用理论M φ骨架曲线验推得位移 -内力曲线与试验实测数据对比 ,证实了理论M φ曲线计算的正确性。     

防爆电气设备隔爆外壳最大试验安全间隙及其影响因素

在爆炸性气体环境中安装使用的电气设备应为防爆电气设备。本文扼要讲解了间隙隔爆的机制和最大试验安全间隙的概念。从实验和理论上阐述了影响隔爆外壳最大试验安全间隙的因素。提出了隔爆型电气设备设计、安装、使用应注意的方面。     

供电作业人身事故危害多元线性回归预测

为了定量评估电网作业和运行的风险,提出了一种基于5M因素分析法和多元线性回归的供电作业人身事故危害预测方法。借鉴安全行为学、安全心理学和事故致因理论,首先将供电作业中影响人身安全的因素分成5个大类,即人、设备、材料、方法和环境。然后分析所有因素间的相关性,将相关性较强的影响因素中对人身事故危害程度弱的一方剔除,并采用南方某电网公司人身伤亡事故数据为例进行分析,删除了两个人身安全影响因素:工器具配置和作业性质。继而,采用多元线性回归法建立供电作业人身事故危害值与各人身安全影响因素间的关系,对供电作业人身事故危害值进行预测。最后,以南方该电网公司2003~2013年发生的64起供电作业事故验证所提方法的有效性和准确性。     

利用连续GPS资料分析芦山7.0级地震区域地壳变形特征

2013年4月20日,龙门山断裂带南段四川芦山附近发生7.0级地震,造成较严重地震灾害及其次生灾害。为研究地震区域地壳变形特征,利用芦山地震震中周边陆态网GPS连续站2010-2013年的观测资料,得到发震区域水平运动速度场和垂直形变场,获得距震中较近站点的同震位移;利用站间基线时间序列和应变参数时间序列得到了区域应变积累背景,并结合块体运动信息分离方法,进一步分析了震前可能存在的异常形变信息。从中得知:芦山地震发震区域处于块体挤出的"分流"地带,地壳水平变形量较小。站间基线QHBM-SCSN和QHBM-SCXJ在2012年下半年均出现偏离原有运动速率的趋势。SCXJ站时间序列信息分离结果显示,其N向和E向应变贡献分量在2012年也有曲线转折现象。