对汶川地震小鱼洞地表破裂带的调查分析

2008年5月12日的汶川8.0级地震使龙门山断裂带形成了3条同震地表破裂带,这表明有多条活动断层同时参与地震破裂,其过程复杂,现象丰富。本文对小鱼洞地表破裂带及其与另2条地表破裂带的交汇区域进行了野外调查,并对小鱼洞地表破裂带的活动性质和展布特征进行了分析。小鱼洞地表破裂带位于彭州市小鱼洞镇附近,是汶川8.0级地震形成的一条走向NW的逆冲并具有左旋走滑分量的同震地表变形带。调查结果显示,小鱼洞地表破裂带表现出明显的分段性特征:小鱼洞镇一带的中段,逆冲量和走滑量最大;小鱼洞镇向东南方向延伸的南段,逆冲量和走滑量逐渐变小;小鱼洞镇向西北方向进入山区的北段,则表现为以逆冲为主的活动性质。     

装备使用风险管理模型研究

在军事行动中,使用了大量复杂的装备系统,存在相当多的风险因素。如果对其中的风险因素管理不善,风险转化为事故,将造成极大的损失,严重影响部队的战斗力。装备使用风险管理是针对这一问题提出的概念。装备使用风险管理是在提高绩效和最大化作战能力时,用来识别、评估和控制风险的一个逻辑化的决策过程。本文通过分析装备使用风险管理的系统模型——"人-装备-环境-管理-任务"之间的关系及相互作用,并且详细的说明了装备使用风险管理的过程,危险识别、风险评估、分析风险控制、风险控制决策、实施风险控制、监督与评审等六个步骤的过程模型,探讨了风险管理的实施,并且认为风险管理过程的目标就是达到5M模型的最优化。为部队实施风险管理提供参考。     

高温好氧垃圾堆肥中人工接种初步研究

本文筛选比较了６２５株细菌、１５３株霉菌、２７株放线菌对果胶、淀粉、纤维素和半纤维素的降解能力。选用了降解能力和抗逆能力均强的芽孢杆菌「ＨＢ（３５）０５」、霉菌「Ｍ（２１）０１」和放线菌「ＨＡ（３２）０１」各１株作为种子,进行了人工接种堆肥试验,试验表明,接种１．５％能缩短发酵时间１６ｈ。     

不同磷质量浓度体系中pH变化对铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻竞争的影响

铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻分别是太湖中最为常见的蓝藻和绿藻.微囊藻在湖泊中形成优势是微囊藻水华发生的重要条件.在模拟太湖水的竞争实验(ρ(磷)分别为0.012,0.112,0.412和1.612 mg/L)中,四尾栅藻均形成优势,而且在稳定期时pH达到10以上.但用0.04 mol/L HCl将pH都降到5.8后,2种藻的增殖都出现明显的变化,在ρ(磷)低于0.412 mg/L时,四尾栅藻优势变得更加明显;而在ρ(磷)为1.612 mg/L时,铜绿微囊藻则形成优势.说明pH对蓝藻和绿藻竞争的影响在不同ρ(磷)的水体中是不同的.      

“Horizontal” and “vertical” diffusion: The cumulative influence of Impact and Benefit Agreements (IBAs) on mining policy-production in New Caledonia

The scale, duration and intensity of conflicts over mineral resources vary greatly. However, they always involve, in varying proportions, the triad stakeholder model—corporation, state, community—each element of which is internally heterogeneous. Increasingly, new players are entering the scene: international non-governmental organizations (NGOs), environmental grassroots groups, indigenous transnational networks, international aid and development agencies. Nevertheless, conflicts and arrangements around access to and control over mineral resources can take the apparent form of dyadic relationships between companies and local communities, resulting in negotiated company-community agreements, often called “Impact and Benefit Agreements” (IBAs). In our analysis, local agreements on mineral resource governance are seen as building blocks in the production of mining policy “from below”, even though they seem at first sight to exclude the state. This paper argues that these agreements, and the negotiations surrounding them, inform debates around mining through both “horizontal diffusion” (influence on other localities facing similar situations) and “vertical diffusion” (influence on policy design and implementation at upper political and administrative levels). This diffusion may occur in a “positive” sense, effecting further change in line with the intent of the original agreement, or in a “negative” one, actually making substantive change less likely, whether at a community or policy level. We build this argument through two case studies from New Caledonia, in the south-west Pacific, where mining has long been a key issue, especially in the current context of “negotiated decolonization” launched by the 1998 Nouméa Accord.     

Production disruption management for R/M integrated supply chain using system dynamics methodology

The impacts of production disruption in Remanufacturing/Manufacturing (R/M) integrated supply chain on the sales and the methods of production disruption management were studied. A system dynamics model for the R/M integrated supply chain with production disruption was improved by system dynamics methodology. The numerical examples were shown to illustrate the simulation results. The impacts of different recovery times of production disruption on the sales were presented. In order to mitigate the disruption risks and ensure the sales at the needed sales ratio, the methods for setting multi-echelon inventory levels before the occurring of the production disruption and the methods for making back-up plans after the production disruption occurs were given.     

Effect of Fe-chelating complexes on a novel M2FC performance with ferric chloride and ferricyanide catholytes

As an effort to better utilize the microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology, we previously proposed an innovative MFC system named M2FC consisting of ferric-based MFC part and ferrous-based fuel cell (FC) part. In this reactor, ferric ion, the catholyte in the MFC part, was efficiently regenerated by the FC part with the generation of additional electricity. When both units were operated separately, the ferric-based MFC part produced approximately 1360 mW m⁻² of power density with FeCl₃ as catholyte and Fe-citrate as anolyte. The ferrous-based FC part with FeCl₃ as catholyte and Fe-EDTA as anolyte displayed the highest power density (1500 mW m⁻²), while that with ferricyanide as catholyte and Fe-noligand as anolyte had the lowest power density (380 mW m⁻²). The types of catholytes and chelating complexes as anolyte were found to play important roles in the reduction of ferric ions and oxidation of ferrous ion. Linear sweep voltammetry results supported that the cathode electrolytes were electrically active and these agreed well with the M2FC reactor performance. These results clearly showed that ligands played critical role in the efficiency and rate for recycling iron ion and thus the M2FC performance.     

基于模糊综合评判的汶川8.0级地震重灾区滑坡泥石流气候风险评估

用1971-2000年的30年逐日降水量资料,按旬统计汶川地震重灾县5-12月各旬的雨日、中雨日、大雨日、暴雨日的平均日数和气候概率,根据地震重灾区实际地质环境条件,降低强降雨强度条件,基于模糊综合评判法,按照最大隶属度原则对汶川特大地震重灾区的39个县进行地质灾害时空气候风险评估。结果表明:重灾区的地质灾害气候风险指数值存在两个高值期间,一个是5月中旬至7月上旬,另一个是8月下旬至9月下旬。而10月下旬至次年4月,重灾区降雨明显减少,绝大部分地区没有地质灾害气候风险;从地域分布来看,高风险区域主要集中在重灾区的西部和中部,风险等级为3～4级(风险较大或很大),东部地区风险等级为1～2级(中等风险或风险较小),但7月下旬高等级风险区位置集中在重灾区的南部和东部。     

汶川8.0级地震路堑墙震害特征及机理分析

通过对2005年竣工的都江堰至映秀的三级公路的调查,分析了路堑墙的汶川8.0级地震震害模式;以浆砌片石典型解体崩毁工点为例,将基于抗震设计规范的验算与实震情况比较,认为现行抗震规范是按照刚性挡土墙进行设计的,对于"柔性挡土墙"并不完全适用;通过拟静力法进行计算认为墙后坡度越大,挡墙稳定性越差,未超过一定坡度时主动土压力系数增长缓慢,当超过一定坡度时,主动土压力系数急剧增长。     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法同时测定白洋淀芦苇中砷和镉

采用微波消解一氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法同时测定芦苇中砷和镉，优化了试验条件。砷在0ug／L-80．0ug／L、镉在0ug／L～10．0ug／L范围内线性良好，检出限分别为0．010ug／L和0．012ug／L，样品测定的RSD为0．7％-2．0％，平均加标回收率为84．0％～107％。