Newly developed Fe3O4–Cr2O3 magnetic nanocomposite for photocatalytic decomposition of 4-chlorophenol in water

Chlorophenols, typically 4-chlorophenols are highly toxic and non-biodegradable organic contaminants which pose serious threat to the environment, particularly when released into aqueous medium. The removal of these pollutants by efficient method has received worldwide concern in recent past. A new Fe_3O_4–Cr_2O_3 magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized by wet chemical method under ultrasonic irradiation. Microstructure and morphology of the nanocomposite were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR), and a transmission electron microscope(TEM). Magnetic and optical properties were studied by a vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM) and an ultraviolet–visible(UV–Vis) spectrophotometer respectively. The magnetic nanocomposite(MNC) was used as photocatalyst for effective decomposition of 4-chlorophenol in water under ultraviolet(UV) irradiation.     

乌鲁木齐市TSP分布特征及影响因素分析

利用大流量采样器采集了2009年乌鲁木齐市TSP样品,通过对样品和数据的分析处理,揭示了乌鲁木齐市TSP基本特征及影响因素：（1）市北郊、中心城区和南郊山区的TSP质量浓度年均值变化较大,卫星站为0.483 8 mg.m^-3,高于年轮实验室（0.453 6 mg.m^-3）和雷达站（0.227 6 mg.m^-3）,均高于国家年均浓度的二级标准（0.200 0 mg.m^-3）。各区域的TSP有很强的区域性分布特征,地形及能源消费状况是其主要影响因素。（2）雷达站、卫星站和年轮实验室季节平均浓度冬季最高,夏季最低,白杨沟夏季则最高,秋季最低。（3）市区TSP冬半年的月均浓度维持较高水平,受人为影响较小的白杨沟站TSP月均浓度变化很小;采样日TSP质量浓度与当日的气象条件和污染源排放情况有密切联系。（4）TSP质量浓度高于其他北方城市,远高于沿海城市,春季多风沙、冬季燃煤取暖和稳定的大气环境,是造成TSP质量浓度较高的主要因素。     

铁磁形状记忆合金研究进展与展望(Ⅲ):应用研究

阐述了铁磁形状记忆合金(Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy,简写为FSMA)在智能材料及其应用领域的优越性.重点介绍了FSMA装置研发和基于FSMA装置的体系分析理论的发展历程和研究现状.仔细分析了各种FSMA装置频率、输出力和最大位移等关键技术指标,讨论了基于电磁学、热力学和力学原理的包...     

西北某电子垃圾拆解厂室内外重金属污染特征及暴露风险

本研究利用ICP-OES对西北干旱区某规模化电子垃圾拆解厂拆解车间内外空气不同粒径的颗粒物(PM_1. 0、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10))及上风向对照点PM_(2.5)中的6种重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn)的浓度进行了分析测定,基于该数据对拆解车间内外颗粒物中重金属污染浓度水平、粒径分布特征、职业暴露风险以及呼吸系统沉积特征进行了研究.结果表明,拆解车间内外颗粒物中重金属Zn(室内4 890 ng·m~(-3),室外1 245 ng·m~(-3))、Pb(室内1 201 ng·m~(-3),室外240 ng·m~(-3))、Cu(室内1 200ng·m~(-3),室外110 ng·m~(-3))均表现出较高的污染水平,且室内浓度远高于室外数倍,表明拆解活动是造成室内空气较高浓度重金属的主要原因,室内外空气环境污染特征与电子垃圾拆解种类密切相关.粒径分布特征为:车间内空气环境中重金属主要吸附于PM_(2.5)中,车间外主要是赋存于PM_(10)中.职业暴露风险评估显示:Cr的非致癌与致癌风险最高;拆解厂车间室内外6种重金属总非致癌危害指数为1. 62×10~(-3)和3. 60×10~(-4),远低于U. S. EPA规定的限定值(1. 0);车间室内外致癌总风险值为2. 69×10~(-7)和2. 59×10~(-9),小于可接受范围(1×10~(-6)),表明由重金属所导致的职业健康风险相对较小;评估结果表明按国家环保要求规模化建厂的电子垃圾拆解厂空气环境颗粒物中重金属对公共健康造成的风险处于相对安全的水平.颗粒态重金属在人体呼吸系统的不同器官的沉积特征表现为粒径越小,在呼吸系统的深处的沉积百分占比越大,建议企业应针对细颗粒物给职业工人造成的呼吸健康风险采取相应的减排对策.     

Evaluation of ambient air quality in Guangzhou, China

On the basis of the reported air quality index （API） and air pollutant monitoring data provided by the Guangzhou Environment Monitoring Stations over the last twenty-five years, the characteristics of air quality, prominent pollutants, and variation of the average annual concentrations of SOE, NOE, total suspended particulate （TSP）, fine particulates （PM10）, CO and dustfall in Guangzhou City were analyzed. Results showed that TSP was the prominent pollutant in the ambient air environment of Guangzhou City. Of the prominent pollutants, TSP accounted for nearly 62%, SOE 12.3%, and NOx 6.4%, respectively. The average API of Guangzhou over 6 years was higher than that of Beijing, Tianjin, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Suzhou and Shanghai, and lower than that of Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou. Concentrations of air pollutants have shown a downward trend in recent years, but they are generally worse than ambient air quality standards for USA, Hong Kong and EU. SOE and NOx pollution were still serious, impling that waste gas pollution from all kinds of vehicles had become a significant problem for environmental protection in Guangzhou. The possible causes of worsening air quality were also discussed in this paper.     

Do geomagnetic storms change the behaviour of the stingless bee guiruçu (Schwarziana quadripunctata)?

Six behavioural experiments were carried out to investigate the magnetic field effects on the nest-exiting flight directions of the honeybee Schwarziana quadripunctata (Meliponini). No significant differences resulted during six experiment days under varying geomagnetic field and the applied static inhomogeneous field (about ten times the geomagnetic field) conditions. A surprising statistically significant response was obtained on a unique magnetic storm day. The magnetic nanoparticles in these bees, revealed by ferromagnetic resonance, could be involved in the observed effect of the geomagnetic storm.     

成都市东区TSP及其重金属污染分析

采用TSP大流量采样器对成都市东区进行连续采样,对该区域大气总悬浮颗粒物的污染情况以及其中的重金属铅、镉、铜、锰、砷、汞的含量进行了分析。结果表明,成都市东区总悬浮颗粒物的超标率达到37.5%,存在中度的大气污染;TSP中重金属元素平均浓度的大小顺序为:As>Mn>Pb>Hg>Cu>Cd;TSP中重金属的含量虽未超过工作场所空气中有毒物质容许浓度值,但随着人类活动及机动车数量的增加,其排放量仍不容忽视。     

冬青和女贞叶表面颗粒物微形态及叶际细菌群落结构

植物叶表面颗粒物和微生物的结构动态对近地表环境和生态具有重要意义.本研究以青岛市不同功能区冬青和女贞植物的新鲜叶片为研究对象,利用环境扫描电镜观察叶表面颗粒物与微生物微形态特征及季节变化规律;采用Illumina高通量测序技术分析植物叶际细菌群落结构.结果表明,冬青和女贞植物叶片颗粒物滞留量秋、冬季节高于春、夏两季,两种植物叶片更易滞留PM₁₀和PM_2.5,但冬青叶片的滞尘能力尤其是对粒径大于10 μm的颗粒物滞留效果高于女贞,城市主干道植物叶片滞尘能力高于文教区和城市公园植物,受地面扬尘和汽车尾气影响较大;另植物叶际微生物组成存在季节差异,叶片易滞留不同类型真菌、真菌孢子及菌丝体等,且两种植物因叶片革质更适宜菌丝体生长,此外女贞叶表皮还易镶嵌一种表面均匀褶皱的真菌孢子,微生物丰富度城市公园 > 城市主干道 > 文教区,湿度对微生物的生长繁殖呈现积极影响;高通量测序下不同季节的冬青和女贞植物叶际细菌群落差异显著,春季植物叶际细菌丰度最高,夏季最低,两种植物叶际细菌相对丰度最高的优势菌门和优势菌纲为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和γ-变形菌纲（γ-Proteobacteria）,且同一功能区两种植物共用一个核心微生物群,另外受地面扬尘污染严重的城市主干道植物叶际细菌群落结构与其他两个功能区差异明显.本研究结果证明城市不同功能区典型绿化植物叶表面颗粒物与微生物群落结构之间存在显著相关性,为城市绿化建设提供参考.     

黄河水体颗粒物对硝化过程的影响研究

针对黄河高含沙量的特点,通过模拟实验研究了颗粒物对氨氮硝化速率的影响.结果表明:颗粒物含量对水体的硝化速率存在着较显著的影响,颗粒物含量越高,硝化过程进行越快.其影响机制主要是:(1)水体颗粒物对氨氮存在吸附作用;(2)水体中颗粒物的含量影响体系氨化细菌、亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌的生长;(3)各种菌在固液两相生长规律不同.     

微生物磁效应及其强化废/污水生物处理的研究进展

介绍了微生物磁效应的现象、原理及其在强化废/污水生物处理过程应用的研究进展,包括磁场对微生物运动、微生物生长、微生物酶活力以及对活性污泥法或生物接触氧化法处理废/污水过程的影响。提出生物亲和亲水磁性填料以及磁粉的合理运用,可能是实现微生物磁效应在废/污水生物处理中应用的有效途径。