Organizational commitment to integrated and collaborative management: matching strategies to constraints

Integrated and collaborative approaches to environmental management are being advocated as a more appropriate and effective approach to decision-making. It is based on collaboration among a range of individuals and organizations that have a stake, role, or responsibility in management outcomes. However, researchers have found that implementation of this approach has encountered difficulties. This paper focuses on the role of organizations and their commitment to implementation. Based on case study and survey research in the United States and Australia, the author examines organizational constraints and the range of strategies used to secure commitment. It is argued that participants must more explicitly address the commitment issue and design implementation strategies that respond to organizational constraints.     

安太堡露天煤矿职业健康安全管理体系绩效分析

通过对安太堡露天煤矿职业健康安全管理体系认证前后安全生产管理基础数据的调查和统计,采用定性和定量的分析方法对该企业的安全管理水平进行了绩效对比分析和模型分析。结果表明,对于露天煤矿企业,建立职业健康安全管理体系有利于提高企业安全管理的水平;同时证明,该绩效分析方法具有分析过程简单、分析结果科学实用等优点。     

太湖流域水环境长效管理研究

流域长效管理现状不容乐观是造成太湖治理在投入大量人力、财力和物力后水质并无明显改善的重要原因之一。本文在深刻剖析太湖流域水环境长效管理存在问题的基础上,有针对性地提出了对策与建议。     

生态补偿的管理与调控政策研究

生态补偿目前是国内外研究的热点,本文综合考虑政府、市场和公众的作用,研究了生态补偿的规制性政策、市场性政策和参与性政策。     

Assessment of the nitrogen and carbon budget of two managed temperate grassland fields

Greenhouse gas budgets as well as the productivity of grassland systems are closely related to the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles. Within the framework of the CarboEurope and NitroEurope projects we have measured C and N exchange on the field scale at the grassland site Oensingen previously converted from arable rotation. The site is located on the Swiss Central Plateau and consists of two parallel fields of equal size. One field was subjected to intensive management with average nitrogen input of 230 kg-N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ and 4–5 cuts per year, and the other to an extensive management with no fertilisation and less frequent cutting. The total C budget of the fields was assessed by measuring the CO₂ exchange by eddy covariance and analysing the carbon import by manure application and export by harvest. The N budget of the managed grassland is more complex. Besides the management related import and export, it includes gaseous exchange in many different forms (NO, NO₂, HNO₃, N₂O, NH₃, N₂) needing different analytical techniques, as well as input by rain and leaching of N-compounds with the soil water. The main (“level-3”) field sites in the NitroEurope project are supposed to measure 95% of the N fluxes at the field scale. For several of the N fluxes specific measurements have been performed for 1 year or longer at the site. Some of the remaining N budget components (dry and wet deposition) could be estimated from results of a national deposition network, while other components (NH₃ and N₂ emission) were estimated based on literature parameterisations. However, we found indications that the (systematic) uncertainties of these estimated N-fluxes are large and that it is important to make site-specific measurement for all relevant budget components. The suitability of corresponding experimental methods is discussed.Analysis of the C budget over a 6-year period (2002–2007) showed a significant mean difference between the two newly established grassland fields with a likely net carbon loss for the extensive management and a net sequestration for the intensive management. Since the C/N ratio of the soil organic matter of the grassland is constrained in a rather narrow range around 9.3, the change in the soil carbon pool is supposed to be accompanied by a corresponding change in the N storage. This approach provided an alternative method to check the N budget of the two grassland fields derived from the individual N fluxes.     

关于加强餐饮业的环境管理

通过对建华区餐饮业现状及存在问题的调查,从对餐饮业的监督管理、实施行政干预、加强排污收费力度、提高业主的环保意识、提高管理效力、强化执法力度、加强污染治理等方面提出了加强餐饮业环境管理的建议,指出加强城区餐饮业的环境监督管理已成为城市建设的重要组成部分。     

陆海统筹与海洋可持续发展——国合会2011年圆桌会议在青岛举行

2011年4月27-28日,中国环境与发展国际合作委员会(简称国合会)在青岛举办了2011年圆桌会议。环境保护部副部长、国合会秘书长李干杰出席圆桌会议并致辞,国合会副秘书长、环保部国际司司长徐庆华主持会议。会议围绕"陆海统筹与海洋可持续发展"主     

固体废弃物的处理与管理及其成本优化

以引起诸多社会问题和环境问题的固体废弃物为研究对象,结合国内外的研究结果,综合阐述了固体废弃物的处理方法及管理措施,并进行了不确定性多目标动态成本优化模型的研究.结果可以为固体废弃物的处理和管理提供借鉴,为降低固体废弃物处理和管理成本提供科学的依据.     

环境质量监测常规数据管理措施的探讨

环境质量常规监测数据是指在人类活动中产生的与环境相关的原始性、基础性数据,以及按照不同需求系统加工整理的各类数据集。只有加强环境质量常规监测数据（资料）使用的规范化,才能发挥环境质量常规监测数据在各项环境建设、经济和社会发展中的作用,更好地为环境保护事业服务。     

Application of a three-dimensional eutrophication model for the Beijing Guanting Reservoir, China

The Beijing Guanting Reservoir (BGR) is located northwest of Beijing and has been an important water supply reservoir ever since the construction of a dam near the town of Guanting in 1954. As a result of excessive nutrients and organic carbon loadings from the drainage basin over the last several decades, the BGR suffers from eutrophication as well as other contamination problems and has not been used as a drinking water supply reservoir since 1997. As a management step to restore the reservoir's water quality, a numerical model was developed based on the environmental fluid dynamics code (EFDC) framework. The model simulated three phytoplankton species based on the observed cyanobacteria, green algae, and diatom concentrations in 2004 for the Yongding arm of the reservoir, which is separated from the rest of the reservoir by a sand bar. The model was calibrated with vertical temperature profiles as well as the observed chlorophyll a and nutrients concentrations in the water column. The calibrated model was further applied to investigate management scenarios, which include reduction in external loadings of nutrients with constructed wetlands, biomanipulation, and transferring water from CeTian Reservoir. All three scenarios can reduce the peak chlorophyll a levels in the reservoir. The background nutrients were high, and reducing the external nutrients was effective only after a reduction in background nutrients after phytoplankton growth. The biomanipulation and water transfer scenarios could also delay the occurrence of the peak chlorophyll a. Because the model was developed based on one year of data, the model can only reveal the short-term effects of applying the management scenarios. Future studies will consider the long-term processes, such as diagenesis, when data are available to predict the long-term effects of the scenarios.