松花江底泥沉积物中重金属释放影响因素的研究

以松花江哈尔滨段底泥沉积物为实验对象,研究松花江底泥沉积物中重金属的释放规律,使用循环槽(circulating flume)模拟松花江水力学条件,考察了重金属在上覆水和底泥中的沉积和释放。结果表明:松花江哈尔滨段底泥沉积物中重金属只有镉(Cd)超标,其它检测出重金属没有超标;随着温度升高,沉积物重金属溶出释放量也随之增加;重金属在酸性条件下的释放量明显高于碱性条件下的释放量;水体盐度升高,沉积物重金属的溶出释放也随之升高;水体扰动达到160 r/min时,重金属的释放达到最高值。     

环保PPP的八维变量分析及在重金属污染治理中的应用

对PPP应用的主要领域做了分析,并对市政环保领域利用"八维变量分析法"进行了研究,分别从资产条件、项目条件、经营条件3个方向对投资强度、资产沉淀性、资产变现、供应预期、边界清晰度、付费模式、经营增值空间和公益偏见八个变量展开研究,对重金属治理的PPP应用进行了分析,提出重金属治理PPP领域主要存在于环境监测与检测、末端治理和环境修复市场。     

5种沉水植物对重金属富集能力的对比研究

为了探求不同的沉水植物对水体中重金属吸收富集能力的差异,采用原子吸收光谱法,对淮河支流东风渠水体及水体中常见的5种沉水植物:菹草、黑藻、龙须眼子菜、穗花狐尾藻及小茨藻进行了铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)含量分析。结果表明:5种沉水植物样品中重金属含量远远高于水体重金属背景值,对重金属Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn的富集系数为58~1 515,对Zn富集最强,最大富集量达到242.42 mg/kg,富集系数为1 515。不同的沉水植物对重金属的吸收富集优势存在明显差异,利用沉水植物来修复水体重金属污染时,须依据不同的污染元素来选择合适的沉水植物。     

The biological effect of metal ions on the granulation of aerobic granular activated sludge

As a special biofilm structure, microbial attachment is believed to play an important role in the granulation of aerobic granular activated sludge (AGAS). This experiment was to investigate the biological effect of Ca^2 +, Mg^2 +, Cu^2 +, Fe^2 +, Zn^2 +, and K⁺ which are the most common ions present in biological wastewater treatment systems, on the microbial attachment of AGAS and flocculent activated sludge (FAS), from which AGAS is always derived, in order to provide a new strategy for the rapid cultivation and stability control of AGAS. The result showed that attachment biomass of AGAS was about 300% higher than that of FAS without the addition of metal ions. Different metal ions had different effects on the process of microbial attachment. FAS and AGAS reacted differently to the metal ions as well, and in fact, AGAS was more sensitive to the metal ions. Specifically, Ca^2 +, Mg^2 +, and K⁺ could increase the microbial attachment ability of both AGAS and FAS under appropriate concentrations, Cu^2 +, Fe^2 +, and Zn^2 + were also beneficial to the microbial attachment of FAS at low concentrations, but Cu^2 +, Fe^2 +, and Zn^2 + greatly inhibited the attachment process of AGAS even at extremely low concentrations. In addition, the acylated homoserine lactone (AHL)-based quorum sensing system, the content of extracellular polymeric substances and the relative hydrophobicity of the sludges were greatly influenced by metal ions. As all these parameters had close relationships with the microbial attachment process, the microbial attachment may be affected by changes of these parameters.     

腐蚀电池-Fenton处理渗滤液溶解性有机物光谱特征

为了研究垃圾渗滤液中溶解性有机物（DOM）在腐蚀电池-Fenton（CCF）深度处理过程中的去除特性,采用XAD-8和XAD-4树脂将DOM分成5种组分（亲水性有机物HPI、疏水性有机酸HPO-A、过渡亲水性有机酸TPI-A、疏水性中性有机物HPO-N、过渡亲水性中性有机物TPI-N）,并用紫外和荧光光谱对各组分的降解...     

铜和铅在污水鱼塘中鱼体内的蓄积

从天津污水鱼塘中采集了养殖的各种鱼,测定其鳃、肝、肾、肌肉等部位中的铜、铅蓄积量。并与水相金属形态化学平衡计算结果进行了比较。研究证实,铜、铅蓄积量在鱼体中呈对数正态分布,与不同鱼种无显著关系,但在各部位之间明显不同。由于吸收／排放的动力学差异,养殖后期鱼体中铅／铜蓄积比较中期低,反映了铅、铜相对蓄积速率的下降趋势。不同鱼塘鱼鳃的金属蓄积量与金属有效态含量呈正相关      

稀土元素分馏作用研究进展

本文综述了环境中稀土元素的分馏过程以及分馏作用对其在岩石、土壤、植物、水环境中分布、迁移规律的影响,探讨了引起稀土分馏的机理,为稀土的环境化学研究提供了详实的材料。     

中国三个不同富营养化湖泊沉积物中Cu、Zn赋存特征及其与营养盐的相关性分析

对太湖、南四湖、白洋淀三个不同富营养化湖泊沉积物进行采样,采用Tessier连续提取法,测定了3个湖泊表层沉积物中Cu、Zn两种重金属的赋存形态,并初步探讨了重金属各形态与沉积物及上覆水中营养盐的相关关系。结果表明,沉积物中重金属总量以白洋淀最高,太湖最低,但重金属污染程度为太湖＆gt;南四湖＆gt;白洋淀,太湖Cu污染指数为1.34~1.6,白洋淀Cu污染指数仅为0.79~1.17。沉积物中重金属赋存形态Cu主要以残渣态和有机质结合态为主（二者之和占73%以上）, Zn则以残渣态和Fe-Mn氧化态占优（二者之和比例达83%以上）,含量最少的均为可交换态。不同湖泊沉积物重金属赋存形态差异较大,太湖残渣态重金属占总量的比例最小（Cu为43%~56%,Zn为49%~63%）,南四湖残渣态占的比例最大（Cu为59%~82%、Zn为64%~77%）;可交换态比重在太湖中最高（Cu占3.2%~5.6%,Zn为1.3%~1.5%）,在南四湖中最低（Cu为1.1%~2.9%,Zn未检出）。从“非稳定态”重金属（除残渣态外的四种形态之和）所占比例看,相较其它两个湖泊,太湖沉积物中重金属污染人为输入的活性态占较大比重,具有较高的二次释放风险。相关性分析得出,重金属Cu的可交换态与上覆水中总氮及总磷之间存在着极显著的正相关关系,碳酸盐结合态Cu与沉积物中营养盐呈现出显著的负相关性,说明水体的富营养化程度加剧可能会增强沉积物中Cu向水体释放的风险。     

Distribution and speciation of heavy metals in Apulian coastal sediments

In the framework of the Interreg II Project Italy–Greece, distribution and speciation of trace metals in surface coastal sediments of Apulian regions were studied. A sequential extraction technique was used to determine the chemical association of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe, Cr, Mn, Cu and Cd) with major sedimentary phases (acid soluble phases, easily reducible fraction and oxidizable matter). The relationship between the metals' content and the grain-size composition of the sediments was also considered: generally the elements resulted associated with the fine fraction, even if in some cases (Cu in the oxidizable phase) the opposite behaviour was observed. The studied area is not particularly polluted, except for some defined zones, as for example Brindisi's harbour. Speciation analysis revealed that the major part of the heavy metals are not easily mobilizable and bioavailable. Even in this case, there are some exceptions to the general behaviour: Cu and Pb in several samples are largely present in the oxidizable phase, which even if not immediately available can become a source of associated elements when redox conditions change.     

氯化对二级处理出水中溶解性有机物结构的影响

以哈尔滨市W污水处理厂污水为研究对象,利用XAD树脂对二级处理出水中的溶解性有机物(DOM)进行分级分离.按照DOM在不同树脂上的吸附特性将其分为5个部分:疏水性有机酸(HPO-A)、疏水性中性有机物(HPO-N)、过渡亲水性有机酸(TPI-A)、过渡亲水性中性有机物(TPI-N)和亲水性有机物(HPI).考察了二级处理出水中有机组分的组成分布、三卤甲烷生成势、紫外光谱和红外光谱.结果表明,二级处理出水中的主要成分是HPO-A和HPI,两者含量之和达70.8%.HPO-A是加氯消毒时产生三卤甲烷的主要有机组分,其三卤甲烷生成活性(STHMFP)为232.9μg/mg.而HPO-N、TPI-A、TPI-N和HPI的STHMFP介于100～125μg/mg之间.氯化反应后,HPO-A、HPO-N、TPI-A和HPI的紫外-可见吸光度均降低,而TPI-N则相反.并且HPO-A、HPO-N、TPI-A和TPI-N中的O-H、C=C和苯环的含量降低,而C-O的含量升高,还生成了C=O和C-Cl.