兖州矿区采煤塌陷地状况与综合治理途径研究

通过对兖州矿区采煤塌陷地状况进行现状分析和趋势预测,结果表明,至2000年底,已累计塌陷土地5389.40hm2;预计到21世纪中叶,兖州、济东2个煤田最终将形成两个塌陷中心,面积达4.4×104hm2。这不仅使大面积农田被毁,造成生态失衡,而且给当地工农业生产以及社会和生态环境等方面带来一系列严重问题,应该彻底进行采煤塌陷地的综合治理。据此,根据矿区工农业持续协调发展的需要,从宏观和微观的角度,全方位提出了采煤塌陷地的综合治理途径。     

我国东部矿区土地复垦规划设计要点

结合我国多个东部矿区土地复垦工程实践,分析了东部矿区土地破坏的特点及优势,指出在复垦规划中的几个关键技术问题。     

长江口九段沙湿地自然保护的探讨

九段沙是长江口新生沙岛，在调研其湿地生态环境和自然演变趋势基础上，尽快设立九段沙自然保护区已是各方共识，但对其而言，一方面已有大型工程的影响，另一方面滩地的冲蚀可能使高级群落－芦苇的分布面积减少，因此提出，在保护湿地初期建造，低堤不至于影响湿地的自然演变过程，而有利于保护高级群落和局部高潮滩的增速。     

歙县地质灾害的分布特征及易发区划分

歙县是安徽省地质灾害多发的山区县，本文根据调查资料，概括歙县地质灾害的发育状况及分布特征，综合分析影响的地质灾害形成发育的地质条件及人类经济活动等因素，结合现状地质灾害发育情况，判定地质灾害易发程度，将全县划分为地质灾害高易发区、中等易发区、低易发区和不易发区四个区，从而明确地质灾害防治工作的重点区域、重点地段和重要隐患点，使地质灾害的减灾防灾工作的有所侧重，有的放矢，使有限的投入资金发挥出最大的减灾效益。     

风景旅游区环境噪声标准问题探讨

应用环境噪声主观反应调查和现场实地测试调查的统计结果,根据心理学确定阈值的原则,提出我国风景旅游区两种区域类型的环境噪声标准的建议,并对标准的可行性和代表性进行了分析和讨论.     

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区坡面-沟道系统中的高含沙水流(Ⅱ)--泥沙存储-释放及降雨、径流特征的影响

以黄河中游多沙粗沙区子洲径流站和离石王家沟试验站的径流场观测资料为基础，对黄土高原丘陵沟壑区坡沟系统中高含沙水流特征进行了研究。研究表明，在坡面-沟道系统中，存在着泥沙的存贮-释放机制，这一机制与非高含沙水流和高含沙水流不同的输沙行为有关。当水流为非高含沙水流时，来自坡面和悬移质泥沙中的粗粒部分可在沟道中发生沉积；当为高含沙水流时，前期沉积的粗粒泥沙将因沟道高含沙水流强烈的侵蚀搬运作用而发生释放。降雨对坡沟系统高含沙水流的形成关系密切。在冲沟次降雨最大含沙量与雨强的关系中，表现出两个临界值。超过第一个临界值以后，含沙量急剧增大；超过第二个临界值之后，则出现极限含沙量，即含沙量不再随雨强的增大而增大。     

大庆地区地面沉降问题初探

地面沉降是目前国内外常见的典型地质灾害之一.简要介绍了大庆地区的地质环境及地下水开采历史和现状,利用已有的资料对大庆地区由于地下水开采而引起的地面沉降量进行了预测,对其地面沉降问题进行了初步探讨.研究结果对进一步开展大庆地区地面沉降研究、国土资源整治和地质灾害防治等工作有一定的参考价值.     

运材道路修建的安全技术

从安全角度提出了关于各类地区、各等级的汽车运材公路的主要技术指标，阐述了道路环境与行车安全的关系，提出了运材道路的防雪、防滑和冰湖防治的具体措施。     

Comparison of PM2.5 and PM10 in A Suburban Area in Korea During April, 2003

Airborne particulate matter (PM) concentrations were measured in Iksan, a suburban area in South Korea during April, 2003. PM_2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) and PM₁₀ (particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm) samples were collected, and the chemical characteristics of particles were examined for diurnal patterns, yellow dust/rainfall influences, and scavenging effects. Average concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ mass measured were 37.3 ± 16.2 μg m⁻³ and 60.8 ± 29.5 μg m⁻³, respectively. The sum of ionic chemical species concentrations for PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ was 16.9 ± 7.3 and 23.1 ± 10.1 μg/m³, respectively. A significant reduction in PM mass concentrations during rainfall days was observed for coarse mode (PM_{2.5 − 10}) particles, but less reduction was found for fine (PM_2.5) mass concentration. SO₄ ²⁻, NH₄ ⁺, and K⁺ predominated in fine particulate mode, NO₃ ⁻ and Cl⁻ predominated in fine particle mode and coarse particle mode, but Na⁺, Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺ mostly existed in coarse mode. The high concentration of ammonium due to local emissions and long-range transport neutralized sulfate and nitrate to ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, which were major forms of airborne PM in Iksan. Average mass concentrations of PM₁₀ in daytime and at night were 57.6 and 70.0 μg m⁻³, and those of PM_2.5 were 35.4 and 42.5 μg m⁻³, respectively. NO₃ ⁻ and Cl⁻ in both PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were about double at night than in the daytime, while the rest of the chemical species were equal or a little higher at night than in the daytime. The results suggest the formation of ammonium nitrate and chloride when high ammonia concentration and low air temperature are allowed. Backward air trajectory analyses showed that air masses arriving at the site during yellow dust period were transported from arid Chinese regions, which resulted in high concentrations of airborne PM mass concentrations. In the meantime, air mass trajectories during a rainfall period were mostly from the Pacific Ocean or the East China Sea, along with a relatively low PM concentration.     

开发区生态系统健康研究--以苏州高新区为例

采用生态系统健康理论分析开发区生态环境问题具有较强的理论意义和现实意义。着重构建了开发区生态系统健康评价的指标体系和模糊评价模型，提出评价标准。并对苏州高新区生态系统健康进行评价。进而指出制约因子并提出相应的诊断方案，为其优化生态系统结构和完善系统功能提供科学依据。