双柱双ECD检测器气相色谱仪测定有机氯农药方法的研究

采用Angilent 6890N双柱双ECD检测器气相色谱仪,色谱条件为:柱1 DB-1701 30m×0.53rnm×0.83μm,柱2 DB-608 30m×0.53mm×1μm,柱温范围为150.0～270.0℃,2柱分别为5.0mL/min载气(N_2)流量,60.0mL/min尾吹气流量,采用不分流模式,建立了测定有机氯农药的分析方法。在此色谱条件下得到了较好的组分分离,2根柱可分离20个有机氯农药化合物及2个示踪剂,被分离化合物具有良好的线性(r>0.99).较好的精密度(C.V%0.47～5.21)和准确度。由于采用了双柱双ECD检测器,故该方法具有定性更准确、定量更精确的特点。同时,对各组分和示踪剂的回收率及最小检出浓度进行了研究并得到了满意的结果,对实际水样进行了测试。     

Competitive effects of humic acid and wastewater on adsorption of Methylene Blue dye by activated carbon and non-imprinted polymers

Natural organic matter(NOM), present in natural waters and wastewater, decreases adsorption of micropollutants, increasing treatment costs. This research investigated mechanisms of competition for non-imprinted polymers(NIPs) and activated carbon with humic acid and wastewater. Three different types of activated carbons(Norit PAC 200,Darco KB-M, and Darco S-51) were used for comparison with the NIP. The lower surface area and micropore to mesopore ratio of the NIP led to decreased adsorption capacity in comparison to the activated carbons. In addition, experiments were conducted for single-solute adsorption of Methylene Blue(MB) dye, simultaneous adsorption with humic acid and wastewater, and pre-loading with humic acid and wastewater followed by adsorption of MB dye using NIP and Norit PAC 200. Both the NIP and PAC 200 showed significant decreases of 27% for NIP(p = 0.087) and 29% for PAC 200(p = 0.096) during simultaneous exposure to humic acid and MB dye. There was no corresponding decrease for NIP or PAC 200 pre-loaded with humic acid and then exposed to MB. In fact, for PAC 200, the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon increased when it was pre-loaded with humic acid by 39%(p = 0.0005). For wastewater, the NIP showed no significant increase or decrease in adsorption capacity during either simultaneous exposure or pre-loading. The adsorption capacity of PAC 200 increased by 40%(p = 0.001) for simultaneous exposure to wastewater and MB. Pre-loading with wastewater had no effect on MB adsorption by PAC 200.     

石油烃在土柱中的纵向迁移行为模拟

通过室内土柱模拟试验研究了石油烃在土壤剖面中的纵向迁移特点及影响因素. 结果表明,淋滤后多环芳烃(PAHs)主要富集在土柱表层,w(PAHs)随深度增加而明显降低,但不同土柱w(PAHs)降幅不同. 饱和烃类化合物组成特征表明,土柱不同深度下饱和烃化合物的组成特征与原土样有明显不同,表明这些化合物在土壤剖面上发生了迁移,但不同化合物(正构烷烃、甾萜类和烷基环己烷)纵向迁移的深度不同,说明饱和烃中不同组分化合物的迁移能力不同. 石油烃组成及质量分数随深度变化特征表明,影响石油烃在土壤中纵向迁移的因素主要有土壤总有机碳(TOC)的质量分数和原油黏度.      

双模板分子印迹微球的制备及其在海水溶液中的分子识别行为研究

以萘和蒽为双模板分子,以甲基丙烯酸为功能单体、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯为交联剂、聚乙烯醇（PVA）为分散剂,通过悬浮聚合制备了双模板分子印迹微球.采用紫外光谱法分析了双模板分子印迹效应产生的机制,用静态吸附实验考察了印迹微球对海水中2—3环多环芳烃的吸附选择性,并以分子印迹-分散固相微萃取法分析了海水中2—3环的多环芳烃.结果表明,双模板-功能单体分子间的多位点协同作用,优化了分子印迹材料的印迹孔穴,提高了双模板分子印迹微球的分子识别能力;所制备的双模板分子印迹材料使用3次后其选择识别性能未显著降低,显示出其富集与分离海水样品中2—3环多环芳烃的良好前景.     

广告牌结构风荷载取值问题的研究

就广告牌结构风荷载标准值的关键参数的确定问题进行了研究 ,并着重就风振系数、风荷载体型系数展开探讨。     

基于纤维模型的空间网架支承体系的优化设计与分析

近年来,民用航空制造业的快速发展给大柱距空间网架结构带来新的契机。本文针对某大柱距厂房设计了无柱间支撑、柱间钢支撑和柱间消能支撑3种抗侧力结构体系。在此基础上,分别建立了3种结构体系的三维整体有限元模型,通过优化设计确立了钢支撑和消能支撑的具体设计参数,并进行了多遇地震作用下的弹性时程对比分析。最后,建立了结构弹塑性分析的纤维模型,对3种结构体系进行了罕遇地震作用下的弹塑性时程分析,对比研究了3种结构体系在大震作用下的倒塌机制。结果表明:采用纤维模型能够较为精确地进行结构的弹塑性时程分析;相较于不加柱间支撑结构体系,柱间钢支撑和柱间消能支撑结构体系在多遇地震作用下的结构层间位移分别衰减约32%和64%,在罕遇地震作用下的结构层间位移分别衰减约12%和46%,且均具有更好的倒塌机制。本文可供大柱距空间结构的设计与分析参考和借鉴。     

中国西部人为源NO2污染的时空分布及影响因素研究

利用臭氧监测仪卫星遥感反演获得对流层NO_2柱浓度数据,分析了2005—2016年中国西部地区NO_2污染的时空演变特征及影响因素.首先,根据NO_2污染的季节特性,剔除了自然源NO_2后得到人为源NO_2柱浓度信息;然后,利用小波变换分解方法对西部地区NO_2柱浓度的长期趋势和季节特性进行提取,并对比了东西部的NO_2增长情况;最后,结合经济社会数据分析了西部各省NO_2污染的主要驱动因素.结果发现,西部地区的NO_2浓度在2005—2012年期间呈快速增长趋势,西北各省份的增速均超过了10%a~(-1).然而,2012年之后,西部各省的NO_2浓度开始下降.结合"十二五"计划中的各省氮氧化物减排目标,发现大多数西部省份都较好地完成了减排任务.此外,煤炭消费是西部各省NO_2污染的最主要因素.然而,对于云南和四川而言,虽然水电发展替代了部分火电,使得煤炭消费增速减缓,但交通排放成为这两个省份NO_2污染的最主要驱动因素.西部地区是国家"一带一路"新战略的重要区域,本研究结果将为政府制定有效的控制排放政策,以及促进西部区域可持续发展提供重要的科学参考.     

火灾下圆钢管约束钢筋混凝土短柱轴压性能分析

利用ABAQUS软件建立了火灾下圆钢管约束钢筋混凝土轴压短柱非线性有限元模型,在确定混凝土和钢材的本构基础上,对其火灾下轴压性能进行了数值计算,并与已有相关试验数据进行了对比验证。分析了环境温度、混凝土强度、钢管屈服强度、截面尺寸、含钢率等参数对火灾下轴压性能的影响规律。结果表明:火灾下各试件核心混凝土纵向应力发展规律较为相似,且应力分布趋向均匀;环境温度对试件轴压刚度的影响大于极限承载力,材料强度对极限承载力的影响较大,增大钢管含钢率可一定程度提高试件轴压刚度;提出了火灾下此类试件极限承载力和轴压刚度的简化计算公式,可为工程实际应用提供参考。     

Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer prepared by microwave heating for confirmatory determination of chloramphenicol in chicken feed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

A magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) for chloramphenicol was prepared using a surface-imprinted and microwave-heating-induced polymerization method. The surfaces of the magnetic particles were first double-bond functionalized with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (γ-MPS), followed by the copolymerization of 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP) and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) in the presence of chloramphenicol as a template and 1,1-azobis(cyclohexane-carbonitrile) (ABCN) as an initiator in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and water with microwave heating at 80°C. The magnetic polymer possesses supraparamagnetic properties and was used to concentrate and cleanup chicken feed extract, followed by chromatographic separation using a Lichrospher®100 RP C8 column and detection with two multi-reaction monitoring transitions at m/z 321→ 152 and m/z 321→ 257. The mean recoveries obtained at two spiking levels were in the range of 94.6–100% The relative intra- and inter-day standard deviations were in the range of 1.4–2.6% and 5.1–5.7%, respectively. The detection limit of the method was 0.12 µg kg^?1. This confirmatory method was successfully applied to determine chloramphenicol in chicken feed samples.     

量子点在环境污染物检测中的应用进展

作为一类理想的荧光探针，量子点近年来在环境污染物定性定量分析方面的应用取得了很大进展，为环境监测提供了一种新的方法和技术，显示出极大的优越性。综述了量子点分子印迹、量子点自组装膜、双色量子点比率荧光传感等新技术在国内外环境污染物检测方面的研究进展，并对其发展前景作了展望。