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121.
孟晓花 《防灾科技学院学报》2011,13(3):51-54
利用山东省枣庄市陶庄煤矿区鲁15井水位观测资料,采用多道Weiner滤波方法研究其中所隐含的孕震信息,结论是没有明显的矿震中期前兆异常,临震前兆异常明显,每次矿震前都有水位的短临变化。 相似文献
122.
Paul L. Ringold Barry Mulder Jim Alegria Raymond L. Czaplewski Tim Tolle Kelly Burnett 《Environmental management》1999,23(2):179-192
adaptive monitoring design. Adaptive monitoring design is an iterative process that refines the specifications for monitoring over time as a result of
experience in implementing a monitoring program, assessing results, and interacting with users. An adaptive design therefore
facilitates ecosystem management. We also discuss lessons of temporal and spatial scales raised by the consideration of a
design for ecosystem management. Three additional issues—integration of information from different sources, institutional
infrastructure, and the roles of individuals working in an interagency setting—are also identified, but not developed in detail. 相似文献
123.
阐述了小城镇开展生态监测的目的和意义,以及小城镇生态监测指标体系的建立原则,介绍了城市生态子系统环境监测指标体系、农村生态子系统环境监测指标体系和自然生态子系统环境监测指标体系的具体内容,以及相关的监测方法与技术。 相似文献
124.
用比对方式分析拟设监测点和已设监测点的大气中SO2,NOx和TSP,得出拟设监测点和已设监测点的年日均值的相对偏差小于15%,并用F检验法和t检验法对已设监测点5年的大气监测结果进行方差和显著性差异检验,结果表明通州市环境监测站提出的拟在监测站设置1个空气自动监测点取代原有的两个监测点的想法是可行的。 相似文献
125.
从实际的恶臭监测分析出发,结合执行《恶臭污染物排放标准》过程中的各种体会,从标准的适用范围、浓度排放限值以及采样环节等三个方面,对《恶臭污染物排放标准》的修订提出了若干意见.建议对排放标准的适用范围进行调整,增加行业排放标准,对有组织排放增加浓度排放限值规定,对采样气象条件、采样点位、采样频率进行明确,并引入背景值或本底值的测量,对测量结果进行修正. 相似文献
126.
Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soils in South Korea 总被引:32,自引:0,他引:32
The content and type of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soils from paddy fields and upland areas in South Korea were determined using gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The distribution map of total PAH content was obtained as a contour plot using a geographical information system. The overall distribution of PAH was found to be closely related to the pollution sources, the size of city and the type of industry. The average content of total PAH in all samples was 236 μg kg−1, and the range was from 23.3 to 2834 μg kg−1. The highest concentrations were found in soils sampled near iron processing plants. The concentration of PAH decreased in the order fluoroanthene>benzo(b)fluoroanthene>pyrene. Special PAH compound ratios, such as phenanthrene/anthracene and fluoroanthene/pyrene, were calculated to evaluate the origin. The collected data suggested that the pyrogenic origins such as motor vehicle exhaust and heavy industry emission were the dominant source of PAH in Korean soils. 相似文献
127.
/ The scientific quality of monitoring for diffuse environmental impacts has rarely been quantified. This paper presents an analysis of all formal environmental monitoring programs for Australian tourism developments over a 15-year period from 1980 to 1995. The tourism sector provides a good test bed for this study because tourism developments are (1) often adjacent to or even within conservation reserves and other relatively undisturbed natural environments, and (2) often clustered, with resulting cumulative impacts that require detection at an early stage. Here we analyze the precision and reliability with which monitoring programs as actually implemented can detect diffuse environmental impacts against natural variation. Of 175 Australian tourism developments subject to EIA from 1980 to 1993 inclusive, only 13 were subject to formal monitoring. Only 44 individual parameters, in total, were monitored for all these developments together. No baseline monitoring was conducted for nine of the 44 parameters. For the remaining 35, only one was monitored for a full year. Before, after, control, impact, paired sampling (BACIP) monitoring designs were used for 24 of the 44 parameters, and power analysis in 10. The scientific quality of monitoring was significantly better for developments subject to control by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA). The key factor appears to be the way in which GBRMPA uses external referees and manages external consultants. The GBRMPA model merits wider adoption. 相似文献
128.
129.
This paper examines how enforcement affects the structure and performance of emissions trading programs with price controls under uncertainty about firms' abatement costs. The analysis highlights how an enforcement strategy can cause abatement-cost risk to be transmitted to enforcement costs via the price of permits. When this occurs, accommodating the effect of abatement-cost risk with an optimal policy results in higher expected emissions and lower expected permit price than their second-best optimal values. However, it is possible to design an enforcement strategy that shields enforcement costs from abatement-cost risk by tying sanctions directly to permit prices. This enforcement strategy stabilizes enforcement effort, the optimal permit supply and price controls are independent of enforcement costs, and the policy produces the second-best optimal outcome. 相似文献
130.