FARMERS’ATTITUDES TOWARD GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT IN PREVENTING AGRICULTURAL NONPOINT SOURCE WATER POLLUTION1

ABSTRACT: Concern over the pollution of our lakes and streams has become a major issue in the United States. Sedimentation from sigricultural lands has been identified as a significant factor in water pollution. Some citizens suggest that government should force compliance with soil loss standards, while others suggest that we ask farmers to voluntarily comply. Related questions are “DO farmers think government should be involved in controlling erosion and protecting water quality?”“To what extent should government be involved?” What level of government should be involved? Federal? State? Local?“Why should pay for water quality projects?” Farmers from a small watershed in northeastern Indiana were interviewed before and after a major demonstration project. Their responses suggest that farmers feel that individual landowners should be responsible for controlling erosion and agricultural nonpoint source water pollution. However, over 60 percent of the study fanners indicated that the federal government should play an important role, in terms of both technical and financial assistance.     

WATER RESOURCES AND HUMAN HEALTH: THE VIEWPOINT OF MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY1

ABSTRACT: Medical geography studies both areal patterns of human health and disease and the environmental and cultural factors that contribute to such conditions. In such studies water resources are of major importance, not only because they are essential for life and their scenic beauty is of inspirational value, but also because they are involved, directly or indirectly, in more than 80 percent of all disease. The direct involvements result from various disease causing agents sometimes found in surface or ground water organic ones such as bacteria, worms, etc., which are known as pathogens, and inorganic ones such as trace elements and synthetic toxic chemicals. Surface waters may have indirect effects also, for they may serve as habitats or breeding places for organisms that do not themselves cause human disease but that serve as vectors or hosts for such pathogens. This paper will discuss these various roles of water resources in both endemic and epidemic disease occurrences and ways in which various human activities domestic, economic, recreational, or religious — increase or reduce our exposure to such diseases.     

AN EXAMINATION OF LAND USE - NUTRIENT EXPORT RELATIONSHIPS1

ABSTRACT: Lake and watershed management strategies and recent environmental legislation dictate that nonpoht nutrient sources associated with storm water runoff must be assessed. Accordingly, a nutrient flu assessment for phosphorus and nitrogen is conducted through an extensive literature review of nutrient export studies. These studies are reevaluated. The nutrient export coefficients are screened according to sampling design criteria and compiled according to land use. The ecological mechanisms within each land use influencing the magnitude of nutrient flux are also discussed     

城市街道空气中铅污染及其对机体无机盐影响的研究

本文对兰州市不同交通路口铅污染现场监测及交警人群健康体检，结果表明各路口受汽车尾气污染严重，铅浓度在１．１６～２．６４μｇ／ｍ３之间。将１２０名交警分外勤警７０人作为污染组，内勤警及户藉警５０人作为对照组，调查结果尿中δ－氨基乙酰丙酸两组比较没有统计学差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；污染组发铅、尿铅浓度均显著高于对照组，发锌、铜、钙及血中ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ均低于对照组，并具有统计学差异（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示街道空气铅污染对交警体内无机盐水平及机体免疫能力具有一定的影响。     

胜利电厂一期工程环境影响回顾评价——污染源和污染治理措施回顾评价

本文论述了胜利电厂污染源和污染治理措施回顾评价的方法和内容。回顾评价采用现场调查，与一期环评报告进行对比分析的方法进行，重点放在污染源、污染治理措施的调查分析上。     

浅析规模化畜禽集中养殖环境污染现状及防治对策——以安居区玉丰镇为例

通过实地调查取样分析,结果表明:玉丰镇鸡头寺村和金龟村规模化畜禽集中养殖实际出栏量是土地环境容量1.3倍,土壤中含锌、铜、锰、砷量分别为163.05mg/kg、156.00mg/kg、101.13mg/kg和9.19mg/kg,已造成土壤污染,农田灌溉用水化学需氧量超标准限值503%,地下水和大气受到一定程度的污染。     

甘肃省土壤污染防治制度构建

甘肃省土壤污染主要表现在农村面源污染、工业区城市污染以及矿区污染三个方面。究其原因，与甘肃省地理环境、社会经济发展有密切的联系；而从制度的角度看，甘肃省土壤污染只是作为全国土壤污染防治缺陷的一个缩影，有其必然性和特殊性。立足甘肃土壤污染实际情况，分析其产生的原因，最后对甘肃省土壤污染防治的制度构建提出相应建议。     

小议火电厂总量减排核查要点

从资料核查、在线监测设备核查、集控系统核查及现场核查4个环节详细介绍了火电厂总量减排现场核查的要点。对核查中出现的问题进行总结及分析,为同类环境管理工作提供参考。     

面向突发性水污染事件的三维可视化系统

针对突发性水污染事件的突发性、复杂性与潜在的次生衍生危害等特点,设计并开发了面向突发性水污染事件的三维可视化系统。对建设三维可视化系统的需求进行了分析,提出了系统的四层体系结构,基于三维地理信息系统World Wind组件,采用三维可视化环境建模、海量数据缓存机制以及基础地理信息集成等信息技术,开发了系统的基本应用与高级应用,将系统应用到2005年发生在松花江流域的突发性水污染事件中。实例表明:所设计的三维可视化系统具有集成性、可扩展性和较好三维表现力等特点,支持海量数据与复杂应用的集成与三维展示,为突发性水污染事件的空间模拟和决策支持提供支撑。     

绿色油田建设中存在的问题及对策探讨

文章分析了石油开发对环境的影响,提出了绿色油田建设的必要性与重要性。通过对国内外绿色油田建设现状的调研与对比,总结出目前我国建设绿色油田的瓶颈,提出了建议与对策,并展望了建设绿色油田的前景。