网箱养鱼对简阳三岔湖水库总磷浓度和溶解氧影响的模型研究

本文依据湖泊、水库的箱式模型理论，建立了简阳三岔湖水库网箱养鱼总磷模型和容解氧模型。并利用这一模型对不同网养面积下三岔湖水库总磷浓度和溶解氧进行了模拟实验。结果指出：按照三岔湖１９９１年养鱼特征和水文特征，网养面积最好不超过４．４×１０４ｍ２，绝对不能超过６×１０４ｍ２。     

Electromagnetic field levels in the working environment in radio and TV stations

Electromagnetic field sources used for communication always have been subject of serious interest. There are many publications concerning exposure and risk assessment of the working in such environment. Results of epidemiological study performed in Bulgaria in the 1990's show exceeding of the maximal permissible values especially in radio stations for the personnel in 24 h working shift [Israel et al. (1992). Study of the electromagnetic in its influence on personnel working in radio and TV stations, Report, National Centre of Hygiene, Medical Ecology and Nutrition; Israel and Tomov (2001). Epidemiological study of the effects of radiofrequency radiation on operators in radio, TV and relay stations, Proceeding of the Eastern European Regional Meeting and Workshop “Measurements and Criteria for Standard Harmonization in the field of EMF Exposure” and WHO EMF Standards Harmonization Meeting, Varna, Bulgaria, 28 April—3 May, 2001, pp.145–153]. In the last years the situation is strongly influenced by the development of the technology which leads to changes in equipment in radio and TV stations, using lower power, facilitate the working regime. The paper presents data of exposure assessment of different professional groups in selected radio and TV stations. Assessment is being performed on basis of EMF parameters values and energetic load calculations according to the national legislation. Data are compared with the results of previous investigation to evaluate the new situation in this branch. Exposure levels are much lower than those in the previous study, and lower compared to the exposure limits, as well [Israel et al. (1992). Study of the electromagnetic in its influence on personnel working in radio and TV stations, Report, National Centre of Hygiene, Medical Ecology and Nutrition; Israel and Tomov (2001). Epidemiological study of the effects of radiofrequency radiation on operators in radio, TV and relay stations, Proceeding of the Eastern European Regional Meeting and␣Workshop “Measurements and Criteria for Standard Harmonization in the field of EMF Exposure” and WHO EMF Standards Harmonization Meeting, Varna, Bulgaria, 28 April—3 May, 2001, pp.145–153].     

风荷载作用下单层平面索网体系点支式玻璃幕墙的动力性能研究

近年来,单层平面索网体系点支式玻璃幕墙以其简洁、通透的特点在国内外得到广泛的应用,其破坏主要由风荷载造成,目前国内外针对此种结构的风振动力性能研究甚少。本文应用谐波叠加法模拟了脉动风速的时程曲线,进而得到风荷载;通过有限元分析软件ANSYS,对单层平面索网体系点支式玻璃幕墙模型进行动力风荷载下的时程分析,研究在动力风荷载下,幕墙的玻璃面板厚度、拉索截面积以及拉索预拉力对其受力性能的影响,以供幕墙设计参考。     

回转升降生物接触工艺的实验

提出了一个具有全新运转方式的新型ＲＢＣ系统－回转升降生物接触工艺。通过清水充氧实验考查了实验装置的充氧能力；通过正交试验，确定了最佳运行条件；在最佳运行条件下，研究了本工艺处理有机废水的性能和效果。     

除尘风机工况调节的实践

对常用的几种风机工况点调节方法进行了概述,并结合自身的实践论述了它的优点和缺点。     

NONROAD非道路移动源排放量计算模式研究

研究和分析了影响非道路移动源污染物排放的各种因素,系统地剖析了美国环保署推荐的NONROAD非道路移动源污染物排放量的计算模式。给出了模式中关于排放因子的工况、使用水平、燃料中氧和硫含量以及环境温度修正的方法,并提供了非道路机械的活动因子和负载水平的调查结果,为模式及其参数的正确应用和修正提供了理论指导,探讨了中国非道路移动源排放应该考虑的主要因素。     

区域工业污染源评价方法及其应用

协调区域经济发展和环境保护是当前中国许多地区面临的重要问题,而工业发展与污染控制是其中之关键.笔者以深圳市为研究区域,采用等标污染负荷法确定主要污染行业,在此基础上应用层次分析法研究了对区域环境经济系统起主要影响作用的行业,并结合投入产出法分析了区域的环境敏感行业.将这3种方法有机地结合起来,避免了以往研究中单纯考虑环境因素或笼统考虑经济因素而忽视经济系统内部运行规律的缺陷,对今后区域工业污染源研究和管理具有一定借鉴意义.      

FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE AND TRANSPORT IN A LARGE MIDWESTERN RIVER BASIN1

ABSTRACT: Several factors affect the occurrence and transport of pesticides in surface waters of the 29,400 km² White River Basin in Indiana. A relationship was found between pesticide use and the average annual concentration of that pesticide in the White River, although this relationship varies for different classes of pesticides. About one percent of the mass applied of each of the commonly used agricultural herbicides was transported from the basin via the White River. Peak pesticide concentrations were typically highest in late spring or early summer and were associated with periods of runoff following application. Concentrations of diazinon were higher in an urban basin than in two agricultural basins, corresponding to the common use of this insecticide on lawns and gardens in urban areas. Concentrations of atrazine, a corn herbicide widely used in the White River Basin, were higher in an agricultural basin with permeable, well‐drained soils, than in an agricultural basin with less permeable, more poorly drained soils. Although use of butylate and cyanazine was comparable in the White River Basin between 1992 and 1994, concentrations in the White River of butylate, which is incorporated into soil, were substantially less than for cyanazine, which is typically applied to the soil surface.     

基于分配指数的渤海TN总量分配研究

以控制渤海富营养化、减少TN排放量为目的,对渤海TN总量分配进行了研究. 综合考虑污染物总量分配的公平性和效率,采用环境容量、水资源量、人口、耕地面积、GDP和现状排放量6个因子建立了渤海污染物总量分配指数,构建了基于线性响应场的污染物总量分配模型. 考虑到权重系数的影响,分别按全指标、强调水资源利用和强调非点源3类,构建了7种权重系数方案(F11、F12、F13、F14、F21、F31、F32). 结果表明,渤海2010年TN入海量(16.4×104 t/a)是其环境容量(4.7×104 t/a)的3.5倍,同时受污染源位置和分配公平性的影响,接近或超过一半以上的环境容量实际上并不能被充分利用. 采用总体削减率和削减率≥95%的污染源所占比例2个指标,对7种权重方案下的总量分配结果进行了比较. 方案中凡是过分强调单项因子(如环境容量、水资源量、耕地面积等)的TN分配结果均具有明显的不足,只有F13方案兼顾了公平和效率. 综合考虑TN总体削减率和削减率≥95%的污染源所占比例2个指标,建议方案F13为推荐方案,其TN总体削减率为85%,其中前10位的污染源削减量之和可占总削减量的79%.      

Concentration levels of disinfection by-products in 14 swimming pools of China

Swimming has become a popular exercising and recreational activity in China but little is known about the disinfection by-products (DBPs) concentration levels in the pools. This study was conducted as a survey of the DBPs in China swimming pools, and to establish the correlations between the DBP concentrations and the pool water quality parameters. A total of 14 public indoor and outdoor pools in Beijing were included in the survey. Results showed that the median concentrations for total trihalomethanes (TTHM), nine haloacetic acids (HAA9), chloral hydrate (CH), four haloacetonitriles (HAN4), 1,1-dichloropropanone, 1,1,1-trichloropropanone and trichloronitromethane were 33.8, 109.1, 30.1, 3.2, 0.3, 0.6 µg∙L⁻¹ and below detection limit, respectively. The TTHM and HAA9 levels were in the same magnitude of that in many regions of the world. The levels of CH and nitrogenous DBPs were greatly higher than and were comparable to that in typical drinking water, respectively. Disinfection by chlorine dioxide or trichloroisocyanuric acid could substantially lower the DBP levels. The outdoor pools had higher TTHM and HAA9 levels, but lower trihaloacetic acids (THAA) levels than the indoor pools. The TTHM and HAA9 concentrations could be moderately correlated with the free chlorine and total chlorine residuals but not with the total organic carbon (TOC) contents. When the DBP concentration levels from other survey studies were also included for statistical analysis, a good correlation could be established between the TTHM levels and the TOC concentration. The influence of chlorine residual on DBP levels could also be significant.