Heavy metal availability and impact on activity of soil microorganisms along a Cu/Zn contamination gradient

All the regulations that define a maximum concentration of metals in the receiving soil are based on total soil metal concentration. However, the potential toxicity of a heavy metal in the soil depends on its speciation and availability. We studied the effects of heavy metal speciation and availability on soil microorganism activities along a Cu/Zn contamination gradient. Microbial biomass and enzyme activity of soil contaminated with both Cu and Zn were investigated. The results showed that microbial biomass was negatively affected by the elevated metal levels. The microbial biomass-C （Cmic）/organic C （Corg） ratio was closely correlated to heavy metal stress. There were negative correlations between soil microbial biomass, phosphatase activity and NH4NO3 extractable heavy metals. The soil microorganism activity could be predicted using empirical models with the availability of Cu and Zn. We observed that 72% of the variation in phosphatase activity could be explained by the NH4NO3-extractable and total heavy metal concentration. By considering different monitoring approaches and different viewpoints, this set of methods applied in this study seemed sensitive to site differences and contributed to a better understanding of the effects of heavy metals on the size and activity of microorganisms in soils. The data presented demonstrate the relationship between heavy metals availability and heavy metal toxicity to soil microorganism along a contamination gradient.     

水泥窑协同处置POPs污染土壤对环境的影响研究

 分析了水泥窑协同处置POPs污染土壤对烟气中污染物排放和熟料品质的影响,结果表明,SO2、NOx、HCl、Hg、As、Ni、Pb、粉尘、二 的排放量均低于工业大气污染物排放规定限制,与空白试验相比,水泥窑协同处置污染土壤过程中烟气中特征污染物排放量没有显著增加.水泥熟料化学成分满足相关规定,熟料产品质量达到相关标准,因此利用水泥窑协同处置POPs污染土壤是一种环境友好处理方式.     

Groundwater contamination and natural attenuation capacity at a petroleum spilled facility in Korea

As a remedial option, the natural attenuation capacity of a petroleum contaminated groundwater at a military facility was examined. Hydrogeological conditions, such as high water level, permeable uppermost layer and frequent heavy rainfall, were favorable to natural attenuation at this site. The changes in the concentrations of electron acceptors and donors, as well as the relevant hydrochemical conditions, indicated the occurrence of aerobic respiration, denitrification, iron reduction, manganese reduction and sulfate reduction. The calculated BTEX expressed biodegradation capacity ranged between 20.52 and 33.67 mg/L, which appeared effective for the reduction of the contaminants levels. The contribution of each electron accepting process to the total biodegradation was in the order: denitrification > iron reduction > sulfate reduction > aerobic respiration > manganese reduction. The BTEX and benzene point attenuation rates were 0.0058-0.0064 and 0.0005-0.0032 day^-1, respectively, and the remediation time was 0.7-1.2 and 2.5-30 years, respectively. The BTEX and benzene bulk attenuation rates were 8.69 × 10^-4 and 1.05 × 10^-3 day^-1, respectively, and the remediation times for BTEX and benzene were 7.2 and 17.5 years, respectively. However, most of the natural attenuation occurring in this site can be attributed to dilution and dispersion. Consequently, the biodegradation and natural attenuation capacities were good enough to lower the contaminants levels, but their rates appeared to be insufficient to reach the remediation goal within a reasonable time frame. Therefore, some active remedial measures would be required.     

EDTA对Pb、Cd及Pb-Cd处理下茼蒿中叶绿素的影响

通过盆栽模拟试验研究了Pb、Cd及Pb-Cd复合污染土壤添加EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)对茼蒿中叶绿素的影响.结果表明,高浓度的EDTA对茼蒿中叶绿素的含量影响大,致使叶绿素结构破坏、叶片失绿,甚至叶片全部枯萎.在Pb处理的土壤中,EDTA的添加水平为2.5 mmol/kg时,茼蒿中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b的含量比...     

农药厂搬迁厂址用于房地产开发的选址环境影响评价

传统有机磷、有机氯农药具有高毒性、持久性和环境激素效应,处于痕量和超痕量浓度水平都可能给人类生命健康和生态环境带来严重威胁和风险。由于农药及其副产物的历史残留、累积及跨界迁移和分布,农药厂搬迁厂址用于房地产开发场地环评具有很大困难。结合南方某市一大型农药厂搬迁厂址用于房地产开发项目的案例,探讨了该类场地评价中基础资料的搜集方法和环评中应遵循的理念和原则。     

环评监测现场采样中应注意的问题

根据环境影响评价监测的要求,提出了环评监测中方案的细化、点位布设方面存在的问题,阐述了如何合理设置监测点位、准确把握采样方法、科学选择分析方法等问题。     

黑岱沟露天矿排土场不同植被配置土壤水分研究——土壤水分垂直动态研究

文章通过黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场不同植被配置土壤水分垂直动态研究,阐述了不同植被配置类型对土壤水分的影响。结果显示：9种植被配置类型的土壤台水量随土层深度的增加而减小,但变化幅度有差异;原生植被处的土壤水分利用层厚度大于人工植被。     

Phosphatase activity and culture conditions of the yeast Candida mycoderma sp. and analysis of organic phosphorus hydrolysis ability

Orthophosphate is an essential but limiting macronutrient for plant growth. About 67% cropland in China lacks sufficient phosphorus, especially that with red soil. Extensive soil phosphorus reserves exist in the form of organic phosphorus, which is unavailable for root uptake unless hydrolyzed by secretory acid phosphatases. Thus, many microorganisms with the ability to produce phosphatase have been exploited. In this work, the activity of an extracellular acid phosphatase and yeast biomass from Candida mycoderma was measured under different culture conditions, such as pH, temperature, and carbon source. A maximal phosphatase activity of 8.47 × 10^5±0.11× 10^5 U/g was achieved by C. Mycoderma in 36 hr under the optimal conditions. The extracellular acid phosphatase has high activity over a wide pH tolerance range from 2.5 to S.0 （optimum pH 3.5）. The effects of different phosphorus compounds on the acid phosphatase production were also studied. The presence of phytin, lecithin or calcium phosphate reduced the phosphatase activity and biomass yield significantly. In addition, the pH of the culture medium was reduced significantly by lecithin. The efficiency of the strain in releasing orthophosphate from organic phosphorus was studied in red soil （used in planting trees） and rice soil （originating as red soil）. The available phosphorus content was increased by 230% after inoculating 20 days in rice soil and decreased by 50% after inoculating 10 days in red soil. This work indicates that the yeast strain C. mycoderma has potential application for enhancing phosphorus utilization in plants that grow in rice soil.     

Cd污染土壤的植物修复研究进展

我国农业土壤重金属污染十分严重,在所有的重金属污染中,Cd以其移动性大、毒性高成为最受关注的重金属污染之一。修复Cd污染的土壤,已成为我国农业可持续发展亟待解决的问题。与传统环境修复技术相比,植物修复技术治理成本低廉,土壤破坏力小,安全性高,是目前发展最快的环境友好、经济、高效的治理技术。介绍了Cd污染现状、超积累植物的概念和特征、土壤重金属污染植物修复国内外研究进展,并对其发展趋势进行了分析。     

污染场地修复决策支持系统的几个关键问题探讨

场地土壤和地下水环境污染问题已成为近年来我国环境保护领域关注的焦点和热点.污染场地修复决策支持系统是在场地勘察与风险评估基础上,筛选最佳的修复技术,以制定经济高效的场地污染治理方案.本文探讨与分析修复决策系统的框架、模型、方法等关键环节,评估与总结了国际上现有40多种修复决策软件的模块及功能.针对我国场地污染问题,综合国际前沿的思想与理念,提出适合我国现阶段经济社会发展水平的决策支持系统开发思路.