较难注水煤层的注水工艺及参数

根据在晋城矿务局开采3~#煤层进行的注水试验,系统地介绍了较难注水煤层的注水工艺及注水参数。     

MODELING MULTIPLE-USE IN NATURAL AREAS: PART 1 - THE BASIC FORMULATION1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents a mathematical model of multiple-use in natural areas. The model represents a unified system for the assessment of cases where some form of development is proposed for relatively natural areas. The focus of the model system is a benefit-cost analysis. Provisions for the full consideration of easily measured monetary costs and benefits as well as semitangible benefits accruing from environment-related activities such as outdoor recreation are contained in the model. Means for incorporating desirability as a measure of aesthetics, uniqueness, and environmental quality into the evaluation are provided. Serveral types of constraints have been imposed on the system to increase model realism. A family of compatibility constraints was designed to limit inter-use conflicts arising from incompatible activities. A form of the gradient optimization algorithm was utilized to facilitate the evaluation. The model system has application in a wide range of problems frequently encountered in environmental planning and assessment as well as natural resources management.     

ASSESSMENT ANALYSIS FOR WATER SUPPLY ALTERNATIVES1

ABSTRACT Providing adequate water supplies of good quality is becoming a serious problem in many areas of the United States. Some of the alternatives proposed for meeting the growing shortage of clean-water or cheap-water are reallocation, reuse, and importation. This paper outlines a methodology to assess all of these water supply alternatives by examining the amount and time-staging for development of water sources. In conceptualizing the problem, sources of supply are classified in three categories: primary or base supplies, secondary or effluent supplies, and supplementary or imported supplies. A model of the water system is formulated as a “transportation problem” in linear programming depicting the possible sources of supply which can be used to satisfy the requirements of various water users. The optimizing objective in the model is to minimize the cost of water under various assumptions for operating the system. A case study of the Salt Lake Qty, Utah, area is used to illustrate the application of the model in obtaining optimal water supply allocations for projected future demands. Assessment of alternatives in the study include redistribution of supplies, time-staging of supplies and related treatment facilities, and sensitivity of allocations to changes in costs.     

板筋结构强度计算及最优化设计

板筋结构是除尘器的重要结构形式，其结构的强度与除尘器的安全性有着密切的关系。介绍了板筋结构在除尘器应用中的荷栽、强度计算方法，并利用VB软件进行板筋结构最优化设计。     

压力容器声发射信号参数分析方法的探讨

参数分析是声发射技术应用中的重要环节之一,因为它直接关系到能否正确反映被检对象的物理状况。本文集多年检测的经验,提出了参数分析的几种方法以及参数分析中须注意的问题,力求通过参数分析方法来客观、合理地表征检测对象的物理状况。     

纳米聚硅酸铝锌絮凝剂的制备及应用

将制备出的聚硅酸铝锌絮凝剂纳米化，在正交实验和单因素优化的基础上，研究了表面活性剂硬脂酸钠的加入量、超声频率、超声时间及投加量对絮凝剂絮凝效果的影响，并且考察了pH、投加量对印染废水的处理效果的影响。结果表明，超声时间对絮凝效果影响最大，超声频率次之，硬脂酸钠含量影响最小。纳米聚硅酸铝锌絮凝剂的最佳制备条件为：表面活性剂硬脂酸钠加入量为0．1％、超声频率为40Hz、超声时间为60min；考虑处理费用，处理印染废水时pH=6～9、投加量为5mL／250mL时效果较好，浊度去除率可达98．5％，色度去除率可达97．4％。     

铜试剂分光光度法测定丁基黄原酸方法的优化研究

根据方法原理,调整分析步骤中试剂加入顺序进行方法优化。方法优化后,反应体系稳定性增强,检出限达到0.001mg/L。     

如何提高分光光度分析的准确度

分光光度测定中，从采样、预处理、溶液配制与稀释、回归方程制作、数据计算等各个环节，都要考虑有效数字的位数是否满足要求，其对分析结果准确度有举足轻重的影响；最大吸收波长的扫描、溶液稀释方式、仪器空白值的扣除等操作环节对分析结果也会产生重要影响。     

Surrogates for Macrofungi and Mosses in Reservation Planning

Abstract: Our knowledge of cryptogam taxonomy and species distributions is currently too poor to directly plan for their conservation. We used inventory data from four distinct vegetation types, near Hobart Tasmania, to address the proposition that vegetation type, vascular plant taxon composition, and environmental variables can act as surrogates for mosses and macrofungi in reservation planning. The four vegetation types proved distinct in their taxon composition for all macrofungi, mosses, and vascular plants. We tested the strength of the relationships between the composition of cryptogam taxonomic groups and vascular plant composition and between the environmental variables and canopy cover. Taxon composition of woody vascular plants and vascular plants was the best predictor of the taxon composition of mosses and macrofungi. Combinations of environmental variables and canopy cover were also strong predictors of the taxon composition of mosses and macrofungi. We used an optimization routine for vascular plant taxa and woody plant species and determined the representation of cryptogam taxa in these selections. We identified sites with approximately 10% and 30% of the greatest proportions of vascular plants and woody vascular plants and calculated representation of mosses and macrofungi at these sites. We compared the results of these site selections with random site selections and random selections stratified by vegetation type. Random selection of sites by vegetation type generally captured more cryptogams than site selection by vascular plants at the 10% level. Vascular plant and woody plant taxon composition, vegetation type, and environmental and structural characteristics, all showed promise as surrogates for capturing common cryptogams in reserve systems.     

北仑电厂脱硫系统经济运行优化探讨

针对国电浙江北仑电厂烟气脱硫装置运行现状,通过对浆液循环泵、氧化风机、吸收塔pH值等进行优化试验,以脱除单位SO2相对成本最小为目标,得到最优运行方式,取得了显著经济效益。