Distribution of Platinum group elements in road dust in Beijing metropolitan area, China

Dust samples collected from the Beijing metropolitan area (China) were evaluated to determine the distribution and the concentration of platinum group elements (PGEs). The dust particles that were smaller than 100 mesh size fraction (150 μm) were analyzed after aqua regia digestion. Concentrations[RL2] of Pt, Rh, and Pd were found to be between 3.96 and 356.3 ng/g, 2.76 and 97.11 ng/g, and 0.1 and 124.9 ng/g, respectively, in the urban areas of Beijing, whereas for the background samples collected from the suburbs of Beijing, the concentration of Pt, Pd, and Rh were very low and ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 ng/g, 0.5 to 1.4 ng/g, and 0.8 to 2.2 ng/g, respectively. The[RL3] distributions of PGEs in road dust were an accurate reflection of the levels of pollution and were found to match with the local traffic conditions. A strong positive correlation was established among all the elements found in road dust. This suggests that emissions of abraded fragments from vehicle exhausts may be the source of the high concentration of Pt, Rh, and Pd in road dust along the main roads of Beijing.     

再谈废催化剂中金属的回收

介绍了含钯,钴,钼,钨的废催化剂的来源及从废催化剂中回收上述金属的工艺。     

不同空速下Pd/CeZrO_4/γ-Al_2O_3的起燃特性

以渍法制备了Pd/Ce0 ZrO4 /γ Al2 O3三效催化剂。在不同空速下 ,分别考察了空速对催化剂T30 % 、T50 % 、T90 % 的影响规律。详细分析了不同空速对催化剂起燃特性产生不同影响的原因所在。Pd/CeZrO4 /γ Al2 O3催化剂具有很好的起燃能力及空速特性。     

Pd/ZrO【sub】2【/sub】-Al【sub】2【/sub】O【sub】3【/sub】催化剂加氢脱硫性能的研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列不同Zr含量的ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体和Pd/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂,利用连续流动微反装置考察了Pd/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂的噻吩加氢脱硫(HDS)性能,并运用程序升温还原(TPR),程序升温脱附(H2-TPD,NH3-TPD)和N2物理吸附等技术对载体及催化剂进行了表征.结果表明:ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体中Zr含量对Pd基催化剂的HDS性能有较大影响,加入适量Zr可增大Pd/Al2O3催化剂的分散度及H2吸附量和酸量,减弱活性组分与载体的相互作用,使活性中心和噻吩吸附位增多以及活化能降低,从而有利于Pd基催化剂HDS反应活性的提高,w(Zr)为9%时Pd/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂的活性最好.     

Effect of pretreatment on Pd/Al2O3 catalyst for catalytic oxidation of o-xylene at low temperature

The effect of pretreatment on Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of o-xylene at low temperature was studied by changing the pretreatment and testing conditions. The fresh and pretreated Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the pretreatment dramatically changed the Pd/PdO ratio and then significantly affected the Pd/Al₂O₃ activity; while the pretreatment had not much influence on Pd particle size. The Pd/Al₂O₃ pre-reduced at 300℃/400℃, which has fully reduced Pd species, showed the highest activity; while the fresh Pd/Al₂O₃, which has fully oxidized Pd species, presented the worst performance, indicating the Pd chemical state plays an important role in the catalytic activity for the o-xylene oxidation. It is concluded that metallic Pd is the active species on the Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst for the catalytic oxidation of o-xylene at low temperature.     

树脂D001负载纳米Pd/Fe双金属脱溴2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)的研究

采用大孔树脂D001交换吸附Pd2+、Fe2+并在厌氧条件下以硼氢化钠溶液还原吸附的钯铁离子制备成负载纳米Pd/Fe双金属树脂。利用该树脂对2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)进行脱溴反应,探讨了该法的可行性和特性。结果表明:当大孔树脂D001、氯化钯、硫酸亚铁用量分别为0.75 g、2μg和0.2 g时所制备的双金属树脂脱溴水-乙醇溶液中的BDE-47效果最佳,反应遵循准一级动力学,速率常数k约为0.161 d-1,半减期为1.21 d。负载Pd/Fe的D001连续3次脱溴反应都有较好的效果,水-乙醇溶液中超过90%以上的BDE-47在反应6 d后被降解。负载Pd/Fe双金属的树脂可以重复活化再生,但再生2次后其脱溴效率变差,反应6 d只有47.3%的BDE-47被降解。用气相色谱-质谱联用仪和离子色谱仪跟踪Pd/Fe双金属树脂脱溴BDE-47反应,可知产物包括溴离子、三溴联苯醚、二溴联苯醚、一溴联苯醚和联苯醚。     

钯/泡沫镍阴极对水中微量氯贝酸的电催化氢化还原脱氯研究

氯贝酸（Clofibric acid, CA）是一种常见药品和个人护理品（PPCPs）类物质,在环境中具有持久性和稳定性.常规的水处理技术难以去除微量的CA,采用电催化氢化脱氯的方法可有效实现脱氯.本研究考察了CA初始浓度、工作电位、阴极液初始pH、反应温度、钯载量和电解质Na₂SO₄的浓度等多种因素对氯贝酸降解的影响.结果表明,CA的脱氯降解符合一级动力学方程,在工作电位为-0.85 V vs Ag/AgCl,钯负载量为0.20 mg·cm^-2,Na₂SO₄浓度为10 mmol·L^-1,初始阴极液pH为4.6,反应温度控制在303 K时,经过120 min的反应后,初始浓度为5 mg·L^-1的CA降解率达98%.因此利用钯/泡沫镍电极电催化还原降解废水中的CA具有很大的应用潜力.     

金属催化还原技术对p-二氯苯的脱氯

研究了Pd/Fe双金属体系对p-二氯苯(p-DCB)的快速催化还原脱氯处理. 结果表明, 在Pd的催化作用下,零价Fe对p-DCB具有较好的还原脱氯效率. 当Pd/Fe双金属的钯化率为0.02%,催化还原剂的用量为4g/75mL,反应90min p-DCB脱氯率达到90%以上;p-DCB的脱氯效率与溶液初始pH值、反应温度、钯化率、Pd/Fe投加量等因素有关;p-DCB在催化还原脱氯过程中先生成氯苯,而后继续脱氯生成苯.     

电催化还原技术处理丙烯酸盐废水的研究

采用电催化还原技术处理高浓度丙烯酸盐废水,考察了离子交换隔膜、阴极材料等对丙烯酸盐转化的影响.结果表明,电催化还原技术可将废水中的丙烯酸盐高效还原为丙酸盐;反应器中加入阳离子交换隔膜有利于提高催化还原的电流效率;阴极极板材料对丙烯酸盐还原有很大影响.其中钯/泡沫镍电极（Pd/Nickel foam）的平均电流效率最高,...