悬浮液直接进样塞曼石墨炉平台原子吸收法测定土壤中痕量铅

研究了悬浮液直接进样 ,石墨炉平台原子吸收法测定土壤中痕量铅 ,方法简便快速 ,检出限 (3σ)为 4.4× 1 0 - 1 2 g,相对标准偏差 (n=6)小于 3 .0 % ,回收率在 91 %～ 1 0 7%之间     

Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure with sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin: Dynamics of microbial communities and evolution of resistance genes

• SMX addition had negative effect on acetoclastic methanogens in mesophilic AD. • Thermophilic AD was more effective in eliminating resistance genes than mesophilic. • ARGs variations in AD were mainly affected by succession of microbial community. • Methane production was significant associated to ARGs reduction. The role of norfloxacin (NOR) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) of pig manure, with respect to methane production and variations in the microbial community and resistance genes, including antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), class I integrase (intI1), and heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs), was investigated. The results indicated that NOR exerted little influence on the microbial community, whereas SMX negatively affected the acetoclastic methanogens. The abundance of two sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2), three quinolone resistance genes (qnrS, parC, and aac(6’)-Ib-cr), and intI1 decreased by 2‒3 orders of magnitude at the end of thermophilic AD. In contrast, mesophilic AD was generally ineffective in reducing the abundance of resistance genes. According to the results of redundancy analysis, the abundance of ARGs was affected primarily by microbial community dynamics (68.5%), rather than the selective pressure due to antibiotic addition (13.3%). Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) through intI1 contributed to 26.4% of the ARG variation. The archaeal community also influenced the changes in the resistance genes, and ARG reduction was significantly correlated with enhanced methane production. Thermophilic AD presented a higher methane production potential and greater reduction in resistance gene abundance.     

沼液秸秆联用对滨海围垦田土壤重金属迁移及形态变化的影响

为揭示秸秆还田措施下沼液替代化学氮肥施用对土壤中重金属环境风险的影响,本文以江苏滨海典型围垦农田（稻麦轮作）为对象,设置不加沼液和不加秸秆（CK）、加沼液但不加秸秆（B）、加秸秆但不加沼液（S）和沼液秸秆联用（BS）这4个处理的田间小区试验,观测不同土层中土壤Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的迁移及形态变化特征,并评估其环境风险.结果表明：①BS处理下稻麦田表层（0~20 cm）土壤中Zn和Pb的总量显著下降（P<0.05）.稻田土壤中4种重金属由表层向中下层（20~60 cm）相对迁移6%~11%,麦田土壤中Cu、Cd和Pb从表层向下迁移25%~33%.这表明,沼液秸秆联用加速了表层土壤中重金属的垂向下移.②BS处理下,稻田表层土壤中Cu的弱酸提取态所占质量分数下降8.8%,Zn、Cd和Pb的残渣态降低7.0%~14.2%.这表明Cu被钝化,但Zn、Cd和Pb有活化趋势.相比较而言,麦田表层土壤中Cu的残渣态降幅为弱酸提取态的2.8倍,表明Cu被活化.与此同时,Cd的残渣态升高,Pb的弱酸提取态降低,Cd和Pb被钝化.③重金属生态风险评估表明,BS处理下稻麦田土壤均未发现重金属生态风险,并且,其风险指数明显低于B和S处理（P<0.05）.因此,沼液秸秆联用有助于显著降低滨海围垦田土壤重金属污染风险.     

湿法脱硫多因素引起的浆液恶化原因分析及处理措施

在石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫系统中,吸收塔浆液恶化是系统运行经常出现的问题,浆液恶化不仅易影响浆液pH值,降低系统的脱硫效率,还会造成脱硫副产物石膏脱水困难。为此,结合2×600 MW机组湿法脱硫系统浆液恶化问题,通过检测与分析探讨了引起浆液品质变差的原因,并提出了解决措施。     

Wild pig populations in the National Parks

Populations of introduced European wild boar, feral pigs, and combinations of both types (all Susscrola L.) inhabit thirteen areas in the National Park Service system. All parks have relatively stable populations, with the exception of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, which reported a rapidly expanding wild boar population. Suspected and documented impacts were apparently related to pig densities and sensitivity of the ecosystem; the three largest units with dense wild pig populations reported the most damage. Overall, wild pigs are a relatively minor problem for the Park Service; however, problems are severe in at least three parks, and there is potential for invasion of wild boars into several additional parks in the Appalachian Mountains. More specific information is needed on numbers of wild pigs and their impacts in the various parks.     

GE水煤浆烧嘴安全监控的HAZOP分析

采用危险与可操作性（HAZOP）分析方法,对某个GE水煤浆装置的气化炉烧嘴进行了分析,识别出了烧嘴监测和进料控制中存在的问题。烧嘴监测中存在的问题主要是CO浓度监测和烧嘴压差监测不准;烧嘴进料控制中存在的问题主要是煤浆的流量,浓度测量和氧气的流量测量存在缺陷。针对HAZOP识别出的烧嘴监控问题,提出了改进的措施。     

生物沥浸法去除猪粪中重金属和提高其脱水性能研究

采用复合嗜酸性硫杆菌,通过摇瓶试验研究了不同Fe2+添加量下生物沥浸对含固率为3%的猪粪中重金属的去除和脱水性能的影响.同时,考察了不间处理的pH、氧化还原电位(ORP)、Fe2+、Fe3+、总Fe、Cu、Zn、比阻和毛细吸水时间(CST)的变化.结果表明,采用生物沥浸技术能有效地去除猪粪中的重金属,随着Fe2+添加量...     

改善烟气脱硫装置浆液池响应特性方法研究

通过对现有的烟气脱硫系统吸收塔浆液池在运行过程中浆液pH值响应过程的分析,针对现有脱硫装置浆液池pH值响应滞后导致的一系列问题,提出了改善烟气脱硫装置浆液池响应特性的措施方案,结合工程实例说明了通过在浆液池内加装浆液气氛控制系统使得pH值响应更为及时,并使浆液池内pH值分布满足浆液池功能要求。保证脱硫装置的安全稳定高效运行,有效降低运行消耗。     

江苏东海县小麦秸秆和猪粪堆肥及原位还田试验研究

利用小麦秸秆和猪粪为原料进行好氧堆肥,对堆肥参数进行了优化和研究,对堆肥过程中温室气体的释放规律进行了探索,并初步考察了堆肥成品原位还田的效果.结果表明,堆肥反应可在约45 d内完成,初始最优ρ(C)∶ρ(N)和含水率分别约25∶1和65％;高温持续时间较长,pH值、电导率、有机质和N,P,K含量均满足堆肥腐熟要求;小麦秸秆和猪粪混合堆肥比单独将猪粪进行堆肥释放的温室气体更少;将质量比为3∶7的堆肥成品和土壤混合作为基质进行原住还田培育小麦,小麦种子的出芽率和幼苗生长情况均最佳.     

UMIC厌氧处理结合工艺在养殖废水处理中的应用——以贵港扬翔大岭种猪场为例

针对猪养殖场废水的环境污染问题,以高效、节能与多层次综合为设计目标,本工程运用UMIC上升式多级内循环厌氧反应器为核心处理部件及厌氧氨化脱氮处理方法,对猪场粪污水采用"预处理-UMIC厌氧反应器-厌氧处理"的工艺路线。结果表明,经处理后粪污水中的化学需氧量、生化需氧量、固体悬浮物浓度、氨氮总量、总磷的含量分别为110、18、60、15、0.8mg/L,p H为7~7.5,水质优于《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB18596-2001);同时产生副产品得到利用,取得了较好的综合效益,对生猪养殖的废水处理产业具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。