新型阳离子絮凝剂在煤泥水处理中的应用研究

介绍了新型阳离子絮凝剂在选煤厂煤泥水治理环境保护中的应用。证明了该絮凝剂是一种质量优良性能稳定的高效阳离子絮凝剂,并取得了明显的经济效益和环境效益。      

悬浮液-流动注射-氢化发生原子荧光法测定沉积物中的Pb

研究了一种把悬浮液进样与氢化发生相结合原子荧光光谱法测定沉积物中Pb的方法。控制悬浮液的粒径在0.088mm以下,用磁力搅拌器搅拌以保证悬浮液分散均匀稳定,方法中以盐酸作介质,K3Fe(CN)6为氧化剂,采用水溶液标准作标准曲线测定了沉积物中的Pb,该法的线性范围为0～200μg/L,检出限为0.26μg/L,回收率为92%～107%,精密度小于6.5%。将此法用于标准物质的分析,测定值均在标准值范围之内,结果令人满意,具有实际应用价值。     

模拟酸雨对砂浆影响的研究

建立了周期浸泡法和喷淋试验法等两种加速腐蚀试验方法,并分别研究Ph为5.6、3.5和Ph为1.0、S²₄-为0、0.06、0.1、0.2mol/L六种模拟酸雨对砂浆的影响。研究结果表明：砂浆受蚀后强度降低,其下降的程度与材料中CaO和SO₃/CaO的比值成二元线性关系;酸雨中＋的侵蚀将使材料中CaO、MgO、Al₂O₃和Fe₂O₃组分流失,H⁺.和SO的协同作用,使材料中的SO₃/CaO的比值增大;受蚀后的砂浆其物相发生较大的变化,变化趋势是原［CaNa］［SiAI］₄0₈、KAISi₃0₈、0.62NaAISi_{208·0.38CaAl2等矿物晶体逐渐消失,而转化成CaSO4·2H2O、CaAl2i2O8、Ca－Fe－Al－S－Si－O,甚至体积更大的Ca3Al6O12·CaSO4。因此,酸雨对砂浆的影响,主要是H⁺侵蚀引起的溶解腐蚀和SO²4-侵蚀引起的膨胀腐蚀。}     

泥浆含砂量对泥水盾构泥浆成膜性能影响的试验研究

为在高渗透砂卵石地层泥水盾构施工中确保开挖面稳定、保证施工安全,泥浆顺利成膜至关重要.依托京张高铁清华园隧道工程,采用自行设计的泥浆渗透试验装置,配制6种不同含砂量的泥浆,在与实际地层渗透系数相似的试验地层中进行渗透试验.对泥浆在渗透过程中的成膜类型、成膜质量、渗透深度、滤失量、闭气性能等相关指标进行分析,得到适用于高...     

电渗析法脱除氨法烟气脱硫浆液中的氟离子

利用异相膜电渗析装置去除氨法烟气脱硫浆液中的F~-。考察了脱硫浆液p H、F~-初始质量浓度、Cl~-初始质量浓度、膜堆两端电压、浓缩室和淡化室循环流量等操作参数对F~-去除效果的影响。实验结果表明:在酸性条件下,F~-去除率更高;脱硫浆液中F~-初始质量浓度越高,F~-去除率越高;Cl~-初始质量浓度较低时会增加F~-去除率,过高时又会降低F~-去除率。优化的操作条件为:膜堆两端电压25 V,浓缩室和淡化室循环流量300 L/h。一级电渗析进行100 min后,Cl~-去除率接近100%,F~-去除率只有47.3%。二级电渗析进行100 min时,F~-去除率达92.2%。一、二级电渗析F~-累积去除率达96.1%。     

Synthesis of a novel humic acid-based polycarboxylic dispersant for coal water slurry

A novel humic acid-based polycarboxylic-type (HAP) dispersant for coal–water slurry (CWS) was successfully synthesized in aqueous solution from the copolymerization of HA, acrylic acid and maleic acid. The structure of HAP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG) and ¹H NMR. With HAP as a dispersant for Linfen coal slurry, the effects of the mass ratio of HA and monomer, initiator concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time on the HAP dispersant performance were discussed by examining the apparent viscosity of CWS. The results showed that CWS prepared withHAP dispersant performed excellent dispersity and stability. When the dosage of HAP was up to 0.5 wt.%, the apparent viscosity of CWS was 505 mPa·s. Experiments on the stability of CWS containing 0.5 wt.% HAP demonstrated that the penetration ratio reached 85.45 % after 96 h, which was higher by 12.87 % than that of CWS prepared with HA. And the CWS produced with HAP had lower dewatering rate within the storage time, which was less 1.85 % than that of CWS with HA when the storage time was 72 h. Furthermore, the maximum coal content of CWS with 0.5 wt.% HAP may reached 70 wt.%. This work found a new route for utilizing humic acid and enlarged the selecting range of the dispersant for CWS. It has a positive significance for protection of environment.     

阻化注浆在硫化矿床自然发火治理中的应用

为治理大厂铜坑矿细脉带硫化矿石自燃火灾,提出喷洒添加NCZ-1型防火阻燃剂的阻化泥浆灭火方法;依据该矿具体条件设计了喷洒工艺流程,测定单位体积阻燃剂用量及各指标气体浓度等参数,研究注浆法在自燃火灾治理中的应用问题。结果表明:该防火阻燃剂在金属矿山火灾治理中效果较好;喷洒阻化泥浆后,环境质量明显改善,主要有害气体SO2浓度减少47.16%;CO2浓度减少了58.49%;阻化期可达14～20天。该试验成果及使用方法对非煤类含硫矿床自燃治理研究有一定借鉴意义。     

石灰石／石灰-石膏湿法脱硫浆液溢流问题研究

在火电厂石灰石／石灰一石膏湿法脱硫系统中,吸收塔浆液溢流是运行过程中常见的问题之一,它对FGD系统的稳定运行非常不利。分析了吸收塔浆液溢流的成因,介绍了浆液溢流对FGD系统运行的危害,提出了吸收塔浆液溢流的预防和处理措施。     

Toxicity identification evaluation of anaerobically treated swine slurry: A comparison between Daphnia magna and Raphanus sativus

Anaerobic digestion does not efficiently reduce ionic compounds present in swine slurry, which could present a potential risk to aquatic ecosystems (surface runoff) and terrestrial ambient (irrigation). The objective of this study was to evaluate the ecotoxicological characteristics of anaerobically treated swine slurry using acute and chronic (epicotyl elongation) toxicity tests with Daphnia magna and Raphanus sativus and identification of suspected toxic compounds using the Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) method. The evaluation was performed in three phases: physicochemical characterization of the slurry; acute/chronic toxicity testing with Daphnia magna and Raphanus sativus for each fraction of the TIE (cation and anion exchange columns, activated carbon, pH modification/aeration and EDTA) and identification of suspected toxic compounds. The anaerobically treated slurry contained concentrations of ammonium of 1,072 mg L^?1, chloride of 815 mg L^?1 and metals below 1 mg L^?1 with a D. magna acute toxicity (48h-LC₅₀) of 5.3% and R. sativus acute toxicity (144h-LC₅₀) of 48.1%. Epicotyl elongation of R. sativus was inhibited at concentrations above 25% (NOEC). The cation exchange reduced the toxicity and free ammonia by more than 90% for both bio-indicators. Moreover, this condition stimulated the epicotyl growth of R. sativus between 10% and 37%. In conclusion, the main compound suspected of causing acute toxicity in D. magna and acute/chronic toxicity in R. sativus is the ammonium. The findings suggest the need the ammonium treatment prior to the agricultural reuse of swine slurry given the high risk to contaminate the aquatic environment by runoff and toxicity of sensitive plants.     

小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)净化沼液和提纯沼气

为了研究同时提纯沼气和净化沼液的可能,利用沼液作为小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的培养基,同时把沼气中的CO2作为小球藻培养的碳源。在无菌培养条件下,得出了最适生长条件为沼液浓度50%、初始pH值6.0、接种小球藻干重为0.20 mg/mL、光质为红光。在此条件下沼液中的COD、TN、TP和BOD5的去除率分别达到了88.5%、91.2%、95.3%和87.6%,沼气中甲烷含量由原先的40%提升到60.2%。很好地同时解决了沼气品质低下和高浓度污染物沼液污染环境的问题。