人工湖的营建及其水质改善措施——以沈阳市丁香湖为例

以沈阳市建设的第一座大型人工湖泊丁香湖为研究对象,针对丁香湖在基础设施建设、生态系统功能恢复等方面存在诸多现实问题为例,通过依势修整、科学引蓄、补水调换、人工生态浮岛和水生植物布设、局部复氧曝气和辅助的抑藻手段等综合治理措施,使丁香湖水质得到有效改善、生物多样性得到恢复。     

铜坑矿区蔬菜和土壤汞污染研究及来源解析

为了深入了解铜坑矿区的汞污染状况,就矿区内蔬菜、土壤中的汞进行了含量研究,指出了矿区汞污染传播途径以及可能造成居民受汞污染的途径,最后针对矿区内不同污染程度的尾砂坝、山地、农田、住宅等不同地区提出了针对性的治理方案。     

镇江市城区降雨径流水质分析

雨水径流污染是城市面源污染的主要形式,通过对镇江市城区2011年10场降雨径流水质监测,分析了镇江市城区降雨径流水质。结果表明,镇江市城区降雨径流存在一定污染,直接排入城市地表水体会对其造成污染。其主要污染指标为COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TP和总悬浮颗粒物,重金属含量较低,基本不存在重金属污染。各种不同类型雨水径流水质污染程度差异较大,天然降雨、屋面径流,大市口路面径流水质相对较好,基本能达到Ⅲ或Ⅳ类水体的水质标准;泵站、排口径流、河道径流污染较重,大多属于超Ⅴ类水体;南门大街路面径流污染最为严重,部分水质指标接近工业废水。     

Traffic behaviour among adolescents using mopeds and light motorcycles

INTRODUCTION: Motorcycling is recognized to be a relatively risky activity. Powered two wheelers (PTW) are classified as mopeds, light, and heavy motorcycles, the first two categories being denoted light PTWs. This paper reviews the scientific literature on accident risks and traffic behavior among users of light PTWs with the aim of clarifying the current state of knowledge. METHOD: Based on a risk analytical and an anthropological perspective on motorcycling, the paper discusses the significance of cultural and social factors as important aspects of safety. More targeted and effective safety measures, for example better training programs, are needed to prevent motorcycle accidents. This means developing a deeper understanding of the rider as an individual, and the individuals within different groups and settings. Why and how motorcyclists approach the road, its function as a social arena, the varieties of goals and values, and the motorcyclists' own perceptions of the behavior that ensures their "achievements" or "successes", are some of the issues. Today, this kind of knowledge is scarce and almost entirely absent from the scientific literature. RESULTS: We conclude that the massive quantities of data on numbers of accidents, the categorization of situations, the causal explanations related to speed, gender, age, lack of concentration so forth, can only be employed as support for safety measures as long as they are linked to social and cultural factors. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Risk informed decision making has become an integral part of authorities' and manufacturers' implementation of safety measures. This tendency is strengthened by the fact that the responsibility of product safety rests upon the manufacturers, cf. for example EU safety regulations. Therefore it is paramount that a thorough understanding of social and cultural factors related to the PTW driving is necessary for the industry to develop targeted and efficient safety measures.     

云南省环境库兹涅茨特征研究

根据云南省1985~2003年历年环境污染指标的统计数据和历年人均GDP统计数据,对人均GDP与环境污染(工业"三废"排放量)作相关分析,建立两者之间的计量模型,并在此基础上分析工业"三废"排放量与人均GDP增长的关系。经研究发现,云南省经济增长与环境污染基本符合环境库兹涅茨曲线,人均GDP与工业废水排放量曲线和人均GDP与工业固体废弃物排放量曲线均已处于倒U型曲线的右半段,并随人均GDP的增长而呈下降趋势,曲线走势良好;人均GDP与工业废气排放量曲线则处于倒U型曲线的左半段,且尚未达到转折点,随着经济的增长,工业废气排放量将呈上升趋势。但从总体而言,云南省工业环境状况总体上呈逐步好转趋势。     

Reducing sulfates concentration in the tannery effluent by applying pollution prevention techniques and nanofiltration

The use of large quantities of sulfuric acid and other sulfur-containing chemicals causes high sulfate concentrations in the wastewater of a tannery. The aim of this work was reducing the sulfate concentration in the final wastewater from a tannery. For that, firstly a study about the main sulfate sources in a tannery was carried out and the total sulfates load in the tannery wastewater was evaluated. Two measures for sulfates reduction were studied: the recycling of unhairing wastewater to the soaking drums and the reuse of the chromium sulfate from the tanning washing wastewater after its separation by nanofiltration (NF). The first measure proposed was studied experimentally in laboratory drums of 5 L of volume. Two series of experiments with different volumes of unhairing wastewater in the soaking bath were carried out. The quality of the final leather was evaluated by means of mechanical tests. NF experiments were carried out in a laboratory pilot plant with a spiral wounded membrane element. Concerning the results, the combination of 50% unhairing wastewater and 50% of fresh water was appropriate in order to obtain leather with an acceptable quality. Besides, it drove to a diminution of approximately 10% in the addition of sulfide in the unhairing. Related to the NF experiments, 97% of the sulfates were rejected by the membrane. The separated ions could be recycled to the tanning drums. The application of the two measures (firstly the recycling of the unhairing wastewater and secondly the NF of the tanning washing wastewater) drove to a reduction of 14.82 kg SO₄⁻² t⁻¹ of raw hide.     

沈阳市"十二五"期间NOx总量控制对策与建议

在分析沈阳市NOx排放现状及发展趋势基础上,针对NOx总量控制工作中存在基础薄弱、污染物增量大、治理技术上存在不确定因素等实际问题,总结了"增量控制,存量削减"的总体工作思路,并提出了实施电力企业脱硝工程改造的对策和建议.     

流域水污染防治绩效评估体系研究

以环境绩效评估为基础,从总量削减、水环境质量保护、公众参与、环境治理4个方面选择指标,采用层次分析法进行水污染防治绩效评估.结果表明,赣江流域水污染防治效果明显,水环境质量呈逐年变好趋势;从环境管理来看,情况有所改善,但还存在一些问题,环保投资指数成为影响水污染防治效果的主要控制因子.     

经环境污染损失调整的重庆市绿色GDP核算研究及应用

传统的GDP核算模式建立在资源耗减、环境破坏和公众健康不断透支的基础之上,不能体现经济活动对自然资源的消耗和对生态环境造成的破坏。为了将环境污染损失纳入GDP核算体系,以2010年重庆市绿色GDP核算为例,运用虚拟治理成本法进行环境价值量核算。结果表明,基于环境污染损失调整后的重庆市绿色GDP为7920.28亿元,污染扣减指数为0.4%。     

新形势下污染源监督性监测工作存在的问题及应对措施

"十二五"以来,国家不断完善总量减排和污染源监测管理制度,出台了一系列新的文件和办法,强化了监测信息公开,严格了总量减排监测体系建设和运行管理考核。新形势下,对污染源监督性监测工作提出了新的工作要求,针对当前监督性监测工作中存在的一些问题,从标准核实、规范监测、信息公布、软件升级等方面提出了相应的措施和建议。