新形势下污染源监督性监测工作存在的问题及应对措施

"十二五"以来,国家不断完善总量减排和污染源监测管理制度,出台了一系列新的文件和办法,强化了监测信息公开,严格了总量减排监测体系建设和运行管理考核。新形势下,对污染源监督性监测工作提出了新的工作要求,针对当前监督性监测工作中存在的一些问题,从标准核实、规范监测、信息公布、软件升级等方面提出了相应的措施和建议。     

石溪水库水环境容量研究

分析了江西宜春石溪水库的水环境状况,运用沃伦威德尔模型和狄龙模型等水库水环境容量计算方法,对石溪水库COD Mn、NH 3-N、TN、TP的水环境容量进行了计算。结果表明:石溪水库2012年水质为Ⅳ类,营养状态为中营养,入库的污染物量超出其自净能力。将水环境容量按照Ⅲ类和Ⅱ类水标准分为近期目标和远期目标,按近期目标CODM n、NH 3-N、TN、TP的超标率分别为7.6%、86.1%、121.1%、40.7%。在此基础上,分析了石溪水库水污染原因,提出了水污染控制方案。     

丹东市降水pH值及酸雨分析

分析2013年大气降水pH值及近10年历史演变的方法分析丹东市酸雨污染现状、特征,并从污染源和气候条件解释酸雨形成的原因,确定酸雨的形成受外来空气污染物影响较大,而酸雨强度的大小具有本地环境条件和环境污染特征。     

内蒙古自治区机动车尾气污染监控体系初探

随着机动车大量开始进入普通家庭,内蒙古自治区机动车保有量快速增长,使得机动车排气污染已经成为城市大气污染的重要来源。因此,开展在用机动 车排气污染防治工作,建立切实有效的机动车排气污染监控体系刻不容缓。本文对内蒙古自治区在用机动车排气污染监控体系和保障好保障体系建设内容进行了初探。     

浅析地下水污染及其防治措施

地下水污染具有难逆转性和隐蔽性,与地表水污染相比,地下水污染防治具有更大的难度。所以,对地下水污染与防治做出研究具有重要意义,基于此,在对地下水污染原因分析的基础上,对地下水污染防治的措施进行了研究和探讨。     

甘南县污染源排污状况分析

采用近五年的污染源监测数据,分析了甘南县污染源污染特征,指出了影响甘南县主要污染物及变化趋势。     

环境监测实验室空气中汞污染与防治

采用冷原子吸收法,使用便携式测汞仪对实验室空气中汞的浓度进行测定,监测结果表明,环境监测实验室空气中汞的污染较为严重,主要来源于COD、氨氮、大气中氨及汞样品测定时含汞试剂及汞标液的使用和含汞废液的排放。根据对监测结果的评价和分析提出了相应的防治措施,提醒实验室的管理及分析人员,要增强环境保护意识,加强实验室的管理,减少含汞及其它有毒废液的排放,改善实验室的环境空气质量,保护分析人员的身体健康。     

浅谈黑龙江及乌苏里江流域废水中污染物排放特征

以跨界流域黑龙江和乌苏里江为研究对象,通过合理的流域断面设置,对流域废水中的污染物及农药残留进行分析测定,通过监测结果为以后的污染防治提供依据。     

啤酒厂的废水处理及环境污染

以某市某啤酒厂为例,论述啤酒生产过程中废水的处理工艺,分析废水处理过程中带来的环境污染。     

Histopathological biomarkers in gills and liver of Oreochromis niloticus from polluted wetland environments, Saudi Arabia

Fish live in direct contact with their immediate external environment and, therefore, are highly vulnerable to aquatic pollutants. In this study, Oreochromis niloticus were caught at three different sites in Al-Hassa irrigation channels, namely Al-Jawhariya, Um-Sabah and Al-Khadoud. The histological changes in gills and liver were detected microscopically and evaluated with semi-quantitative analyses. Also, heavy metals have been determined in the water samples in these sites. Results showed that all sites were polluted by different kinds of heavy metals. Cd and Pb were mostly detected at concentrations above the WHO reference values. Meanwhile, various histopathological abnormalities were observed in gills and liver of fish specimens. In the gill filaments, cell proliferation, lamellar cell hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, lifting of the respiratory epithelium, and the presence of aneurysmal areas were observed. In the liver, there was vacuolization of the hepatocytes, sinusoidal congestion, necrosis of the parenchyma tissue, nuclear pyknosis, eosinophilic hepatocellular degeneration, pigment accumulation, an increase in the number and size of melanomacrophage centers. Liver tumors with severe chronic inflammation were occasionally found in fish at Al-Khadoud area (first-time report). The histological lesions were comparatively most severe in the liver. Despite heavy metals assessment did not show marked differences among sites, histopathological biomarkers indicated that the surveyed fish are living under stressful environmental conditions. So, we suggest use those biomarkers in future monitoring of aquatic systems.