华北地区下古生界海相烃源岩芳烃生物标志物地球化学特征──兼论饱和烃、芳烃生源组合特征

本文详细总结了华北地区下古生界海相烃源岩中芳烃生物标志物特征，主要包括菲系列、联苯系列、苯并芴系列，三芴系列、荧蒽系列、芘系列、苯并荧蒽和苯并芘系列、　系列和三芳甾烷系列，而萘系列含量较低。我们发现三芳甾烷C(28)（20S）／C(28)（20R）比值似乎显示了较好的热演化特征。     

反气相色谱法测定麦饭石对苯类的吸附

以麦饭石为吸附质，采用反气相色谱法测定了载气流量、麦饭石装柱质量和载气湿度对吸附等温线测定的影响，测定了苯等４种挥发性芳香类有机物在麦饭石颗粒上的吸附焓。结果表明，在水蒸汽存在的条件下，苯等４种挥发性有机物在麦饭石颗粒上的吸附能遵循理想气相色谱方程，且测得的吸附焓和其蒸发焓较接近。     

芳香化合物的光催化-臭氧联用降解研究

研究了几种芳香化合物的光催化 臭氧联用降解。探讨了光催化 臭氧联用技术降解有机物作用机理,分析了芳香化合物结构与反应活性的关系。实验结果表明,光催化 臭氧联用对芳香化合物的降解都存在一定的协同效应,而且符合表观准一级反应动力学规律;203#膜光催化臭氧的作用机理是催化臭氧产生了更多的高活性氧化剂,芳香化合物结构对其光催化 臭氧联用降解活性有很大影响。     

电场耦合高效液相色谱柱改善极性芳烃分离的研究

从燃烧的煤和油中排放出来的极性污染物,包含有多种含氮、氧和硫的极性多环芳烃(PAH),这些极性组分比非极性组分常具有更强的致癌和致突变性。目前,正相高效液相色谱(NP-HPLC)常被用来分离分析这类极性组分。 但是,要提高这些极性组分分离的选择性,现大多采用梯度洗脱的方法。也就是改变流动相极性的方法。本文介绍了一种高压电场耦合色谱柱的新方法。这种技术除了具     

蒽降解菌与铜绿假单胞菌融合子的特性研究

将蒽降解菌An815和绿色荧光蛋白标记铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa/EGFP)P原生质体融合,得到了既能高效降解蒽,又能产生生物表面活性剂的融合子F。研究了它的形态特征、生理生化特性、产表面活性剂的能力、对蒽的降解性能及生长繁殖情况。结果表明,融合子菌落和菌体形态,产脓青素,荧光色素的特性类似于铜绿假单胞菌亲本,但其大多生理生化特性酷似An815亲本而不同于铜绿假单胞菌亲本;融合子有较好产表面活性剂的能力,72 h内将表面张力由70.2 mN/m降至36.5mN/m;在蒽的反应体系中,32h内融合子和亲本An815对蒽的降解转化率分别为86.7%,59.4%,融合子对蒽的降解速率比An815提高了27.3%;在蒽的反应体系中融合子和亲本生长曲线相似。     

煤矿区表层土壤中芳香烃组成、分布特征及标志化合物研究

采用GC-MS技术分析了平顶山市石龙区土壤样品中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染物的化学组成及分布特征,共鉴定出78种代表性化合物,包括11种US EPA优控PAHs.结果表明,总体上土壤样品中单体烃菲、荧蒽、芴、芘含量比较高.在不同功能区域芳烃含量差别较大,采矿区及焦化厂区土壤中芳烃含量明显高于污灌区和农业区,而煤矸石山附近土壤中芳烃含量最高.采矿区、焦化厂区和污灌区土壤中低环数PAHs的比例远大于高环数PAHs,农业区反之.通过对(ρ)MP/(ρ)P、MPI1、(ρ)P/(ρ)A、(ρ)FL/(ρ)PY等参数值的分析认为,煤尘、烟灰沉降是石龙区土壤中PAHs积累的主要影响因素.由单体烃与PAHs的相关性分析得知,苊和蒽可作为煤矿区域表层土壤中PAHs的标志性污染物.     

Evaluation of the biodegradability of copolyesters containing aromatic compounds by investigations of model oligomers

Model oligo esters of terephthalic acid with 1,2-ethanediol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,4-butanediol have been investigated with regard to their biodegradability in different biological environments. Well-characterized oligomers with weight-average molar masses of from 600 to 2600 g/mol exhibit biodegradation in aqueous systems, soil, and compost at 60°C. SEC investigations showed a fast biological degradation of the oligomer fraction consisting of 1 or 2 repeating units, independent of the diol component used for polycondensation, while polyester oligomers with degrees of polymerization higher than 2 were stable against microbial attack at room temperature in a time frame of 2 months. At 60°C in a compost environment chemical hydrolysis also degrades chains longer than two repeating units, resulting in enhanced degradability of the oligomers. Metabolization of the monomers and the dimers as well by the microorganisms could be confirmed by comparing SEC measurements and carbon balances in a Sturm test experiment. Based on these results degradation characteristics of potential oligomer intermediates resulting from a primary chain scission from copolyesters consisting of aromatic and aliphatic dicarbonic acids can be predicted depending on their composition. These results will have an evident influence on the evaluation of the biodegradability of commercially interesting copolyesters and lead to new ways of tailor-made designing of new biodegradable materials as well.     

光离子化检测器便携式气相色谱仪快速测定水中苯系物

本文研究了使用光离子化检测器便携式气相色谱仪，在环境温度下手工摇荡的快速顶空法测定水中苯系物（苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻、间、对位的二甲苯及异丙苯）的分析方法。方法的线性范围为０～１８０μｇ／Ｌ，相关系数均在０．９９６以上，方法的变异系数分别为１．０～１４％（１０μｇ／Ｌ），２．９～７．８％（３０μｇ／Ｌ），方法的最低检测限达０．５～１．５μｇ／Ｌ。     

气相色谱法测定废水中的茚及芳烃混合物

本文采用气相色谱法，选择中等极性的Ｔｒｉｃｒｅｓｙｌｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅ与高沸点的非极性ＡｐｉｅｚｏｎＬ配成混合固定液，测定工业废水中的茚及芳烃混合物。该方法灵敏度高，再现性好，简便快速，适合测定化工、制漆、制茚树脂生产所排放的废水，同时也能检出受苯系物及高沸点的不饱合物萘等多组分污染的水体     

Oil/Suspended Particulate Material Interactions and Sedimentation

The interactions of physically dispersed oil droplets with suspended particulate material (SPM) can be important for the transport of bulk quantities of spilled crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to subtidal sediments. The literature regarding oil/SPM interactions is reviewed, and results from whole-oil droplet/SPM interaction kinetics and pure-component (Prudhoe Bay crude oil distillate cut) equilibrium partitioning experiments are presented. The effects of oil type, SPM characteristics, and salinity on the interaction rates are examined, and the importance of whole-oil droplet/SPM interactions on particle agglomeration and settling behavior are discussed. Whole-oil droplet/SPM interactions are retarded as oil droplet dispersion into the water column is inhibited by oil viscosity increases due to evaporation weathering and water-in-oil emulsification. Compared to whole oil droplet/SPM interactions, dissolved-component/SPM adsorption is not as significant for transport of individual components to sediments. The information presented in this paper can be used to augment computer-based models designed to predict oil-spill trajectories, oil-weathering behavior, and spilled oil impacts to the marine environment.