垃圾渗滤液脱氮新方法综述

有效去除垃圾渗滤液中的氮是一项艰巨的任务,传统的先硝化后反硝化处理方法存在的主要问题是反硝化阶段碳源不足和总氮去除效率过低。研究中研究人员提出了好氧反硝化、厌氧氨氧化和短程硝化反硝化等新方法。好氧反硝化菌可以利用硝化过程中充足的碳源进行反硝化;厌氧氨氧化是在缺氧条件下,以NO-2为电子受体,直接把氨氧化成N2;短程硝化反硝化将脱氮过程控制在亚硝化阶段,不但节省了反硝化过程中的碳源,而且减少了能量的消耗。本文对这些方法及其在实践的应用进行了论述。     

氧化沟活性污泥膨胀的原因和控制

荆门石化污水处理场采用氧化沟处理工艺。针对在处理炼油污水过程中发生的污泥膨胀现象，根据运行数据，对活性污泥膨胀的原因进行分析和讨论，并提出建议。     

改良A2/O型氧化沟处理城市污水工程实例

介绍了重庆市童家溪区污水处理厂的工艺流程,及其各构筑物和主要设备的参数.该工艺采用改良A2/O型氧化沟处理城市污水,该工艺将A2/O与氧化沟相结合,具有两者的优点,且能耗省、脱N除P的特点,出水水质达到<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB18918-2002)中的一级标准的B标准.     

混凝沉淀-水解-接触氧化-气浮工艺处理印染废水

介绍了采用混凝沉淀-水解-接触氧化-气浮工艺处理印染废水的工程应用，总结并分析了工程设计及运行的经验。运行结果表明，该工艺对CODCR，BOD5，SS，色度等均有良好的效果，出水水质达到GB4287—92《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》中的一级标准。     

Degradation of acetic acid with sulfate radical generated by persulfate ions photolysis

The photolysis of was studied for the removal of acetic acid in aqueous solution and compared with the H₂O₂/UV system. The radicals generated from the UV irradiation of ions yield a greater mineralization of acetic acid than the OH radicals. Acetic acid is oxidized by radicals without significant formation of intermediate by-products. Increasing system pH results in the formation of OH radicals from radicals. Maximum acetic acid degradation occurred at pH 5. The results suggest that above this pH, competitive reactions with the carbon mineralized inhibit the reaction of the solute with and also OH radicals. Scavenging effects of two naturally occurring ions were tested; in contrast to ions, the presence of Cl⁻ ions enhances the efficiency of the /UV process towards the acetate removal. It is attributed to the formation of the Cl radical and its great reactivity towards acetate.     

铅酸蓄电池生产废水治理技术应用研究

采用“氧化还原＋中和反应＋高效凝聚”工艺处理废蓄电池回收和电池制造企业生产废水。总处理水量为208m^3／d;进水水质：pH：1-2、总铅：13．5mg／L、SS：450mg／L。经该工艺处理后,废水中的总铅、pH、SS等指标均能达标排放。     

Water quality in rice-growing watersheds in a Mediterranean climate

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) agriculture is estimated to cover 161 million ha of land on Earth, with 10% grown in temperate regions. Currently there are strong concerns about surface water nutrient pollution, and the purpose of this study was to determine the impacts of temperate rice cultivation on nutrient dynamics at the small watershed scale. Over the course of the 2008 growing season (May through September), bi-weekly grab samples were collected from outlets of 11 agricultural subwatersheds in California. Samples were analyzed for NO₃-N, NH₄-N, PO₄-P, K, and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations, and the average values across all subwatersheds and sampling dates were 0.22, 0.031, 0.047, 1.36, and 0.32 mg L⁻¹, respectively. Linear mixed effects analysis was used to evaluate the magnitude of relationships between nutrient concentration and flux and subwatershed characteristics (i.e. percent soil clay and organic matter, percent rice area, irrigation water reuse, subwatershed discharge, irrigated area, and time, measured as the day in the growing season). For all nutrients, flux decreased over time and increased with discharge. Concentrations of K and DON were highest at the start and end of the growing season. Concentrations of NH₄-N were near non-detect levels, with the exception of a peak in mid-July, which corresponds to when many growers top-dress rice fields with N fertilizer. Nitrate-N concentration and flux decreased with percent rice area, whereas PO₄-P concentrations increased with percent rice area, indicating that rice area should be considered in future watershed-scale studies of nutrient discharge. In all subwatersheds, the discharge loads of K were smaller than surface water input loads, while NO₃-N, NH₄-N, PO₄-P, and DON discharge loads exceeded input loads when total growing season discharge was greater than 3500-6600 m³ ha⁻¹. This implies that the management of subwatershed discharge can be used to control nutrient export from rice-growing areas.     

Radionuclide content of building materials and associated gamma dose rates in Egyptian dwellings

Studies have been carried out to determine the natural radioactivity in some building materials (bricks, tiles, marble and ceramics) and their associated radiation hazard. The radioactivity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K were measured using a gamma spectrometer with a Hp–Ge detector. The activities of ²³⁸U and ²³⁴U were measured using an alpha-spectrometer with a surface barrier detector after applying a radiochemical procedure. The ²³⁴U/²³⁸U isotopic ratios were calculated. The radium equivalent activities and the radiation hazard index associated with the natural radionuclides were calculated. A computer program was developed and applied to calculate the dose rate a person will receive from the walls of a room constructed from the studied building materials.     

内电解法处理工业废水技术的试验

用内电地对印染废水，靛兰生产废水，电镀废水及炼油厂含油废水进行了试验。结果表明，ＣＯＤＣｒ的去除率可达５０％＿７０％，色度，硝基苯，酚，重金属离子及油的去除率可达９０％以上。     

水中有机污染物物理,化学处理技术的现状及发展趋势

在系统综述了水中有机污染物物化处理技术的研究与应用现状后，进行了分析与评价。认为对有机污染物具有“破坏性”的氧化法是水处理技术发展的方向，各种单一技术特别是“破坏性”技术和“非破坏性”技术之间的联用是水处理技术发展的又一趋势。