Impact on Mountainous Agricultural Development in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area forced by Migrants of the Three Gorges Project

The Three Gorges Project attracts worldwide attention because of the Three Gorges migrants, and the agriculture of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area is a foundation for the development of the Three Gorges migrants. The Three Gorges Reservoir Area is situated at the mountainous area with bad agricultural development conditions and relatively low levels of development. As a result, the large-scale migration fias special influence on its agricultural development, which has attracted much attention. The paper analyzes influence that the migrants have forced on its agricultural development based on the scientific data, and makes some explorations on the models that are suitable for the development of mountainous agriculture in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.     

浅谈建设项目施工期的环境管理

根据广州城市轨道交通施工期环境监理工作实践，总结了城市轨道交通环境监理方法及试点中存在的问题，提出了加强建设项目环境监理的建议。     

城市水环境治理运作机制构建与创新

中国实行改革开放以来，工业化和城市化推动了城市经济的快速增长，但城市水环境破坏严重。政府部门曾采取一些措施来改善水环境，但并未有效解决污染问题。由于城市水环境治理问题的重要性和紧迫性，国家科技部在武汉市汉阳区启动“水专项”寻求有效的治理模式。由于采用新的制度安排，注重科学技术与管理制度的结合，明显改善了汉阳地区的水环境。“武汉水专项”的试验显示出市场机制在城市水环境治理这类公益项目中同样是有效率的。构建更加有效的城市水环境治理运作机制既是必要的，也是可能的。构建城市水环境治理运作机制的核心是在确保水环境改善的公共目标的基础上，实现城市水环境治理投入的外部效应内部化，城市水环境治理可以成为具有广阔市场和丰厚盈利的现代服务业.     

三峡工程对湖北工业发展与布局影响的研究

湖北省是一个自然资源丰富而能源资源贫乏、工业以资源与原材料型结构为主的省份。三峡工程的建设，无论是在防洪、发电、航运等方面，还是该工程建设本身，都将对湖北省的工业发展产生巨大的促进作用。为此，湖北省应努力抓住这一历史性的机遇，积极发展冶金、机电、建材、化工等重化工业，带动食品、纺织等轻纺工业的发展，以促进湖北长江沿江及汉渝铁路沿线工业带的形成与工业布局的全面展开。     

攀西地区实施退耕和天保工程的问题及对策

攀西地处长江上游，在西南地区乃至全国的可持续发展战略中具有重要地位，目前生态退化严重。论述了攀植实施退耕还林还草和天然林保护工程的问题，如产业结构的单一性和脆弱性及地方财政的弱势地位造成对森林依赖性砍伐，法律法规等各项具体配套措施不到位，利益分享补偿机制等制度建设落后于实践，群众的落后思维方式和发展观念难以摒除等都使工程实施初期的经济效益不明显，当地群众脱贫又返贫，社会矛盾激化等。对此提出了相关对策，即区分当前和长远两个层次，在当前主要依靠国家加大财政转移支付和吸引民间投资，加强资金监督管理，强化普法执法，加强现有技术措施的推广应用等；远期内，完善基础设施，发展水电，旅游等资源商品型替代产品，重视农村科教文卫普及，摒除陈规陋习，控制人口增长，树立“环境容量／土承载力”的可持续发展意义.等     

三峡工程淹没区文物保护及旅游协调发展

长江三峡是集自然景观与人文历史景观于一体的世界著名峡谷观光旅游胜地。三峡工程的实施,直接影响到该地区的地形、地貌,并波及到文物古迹、名胜、自然景观,使峡区旅游资源受到一定程度的破坏。三峡旅游资源现状特点的评价及新兴旅游景观的规划、布局不公认文物古迹,同时将促进三峡地区的经济发展。三峡库区旅游景观的维护与开发是一项艰巨而复杂的工程,必须贯彻“以维护为基础,以维持带动开发,以维护促进开发”的指导思想,     

工业废水达标排放管理模式探讨

本文阐述了工业废水达标排放的重要意义,分析了工业废水达标排放的可能性,并提出改革污水处理运作模式的几点建议,对实现“一控双达标”月标具有一定的指导意义。     

An Ombudsman for Humanitarian Assistance?

The early phases of a project to design and make operational an ombudsman for humanitarian assistance (HAO) are described in this paper. Beginning with a brief historical overview of the ombudsman concept, it then outlines seven key features of a potential HAO that were identified in the initial feasibility study. The main conclusion from the feasibility study was that, in principle, it is possible to design an HAO by adapting the operational frameworks of existing ombudsman schemes so as to match the needs of the humanitarian sector. Although this seems possible in theory, there still remain some major challenges requiring practical testing in a pilot phase. The most fundamental of these is how to enable the beneficiaries of aid to make their voices heard and register their views on the management of the emergency that is affecting them. Important also, are the issues of ensuring an international jurisdiction and finding sustainable ways of financing the scheme. Finally, the paper alludes to the framework of the pilot itself and how to address the main challenges ahead.     

Deep Ethology, Animal Rights, and the Great Ape/Animal Project: Resisting Speciesism and Expanding the Community of Equals

In this essay I argue that the evolutionary and comparative study of nonhuman animal (hereafter animal) cognition in a wide range of taxa by cognitive ethologists can readily inform discussions about animal protection and animal rights. However, while it is clear that there is a link between animal cognitive abilities and animal pain and suffering, I agree with Jeremy Bentham who claimed long ago the real question does not deal with whether individuals can think or reason but rather with whether or not individuals can suffer. One of my major goals will be to make the case that the time has come to expand. The Great Ape Project (GAP) to The Great Ape/Animal Project (GA/AP) and to take seriously the moral status and rights of all animals by presupposing that all individuals should be admitted into the Community of Equals. I also argue that individuals count and that it is essential to avoid being speciesist cognitivists; it really doesn't matter whether ‘dogs ape’ or whether ‘apes dog’ when taking into account the worlds of different individual animals. Narrow-minded primatocentrism and speciesism must be resisted in our studies of animal cognition and animal protection and rights. Line-drawing into ‘lower’ and ‘higher’ species is a misleading speciesist practice that should be vigorously resisted because not only is line-drawing bad biology but also because it can have disastrous consequences for how animals are viewed and treated. Speciesist line-drawing also ignores within species individual differences. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

南水北调中线总干渠水体耗氧特征及成因

为揭示南水北调总干渠水体耗氧物质的种类及其潜在来源,对总干渠沿线进行了水样采集,并分析了总干渠水体的耗氧因子的分布及其耗氧成因.结果表明,从渠首到北盘石监测断面,高锰酸盐指数低于国家地表水Ⅰ类水质标准值（2 mg·L^-1）,北盘石以北（除惠南庄断面）几乎全部高于2 mg·L^-1.溶解性有机质（DOM）、NH₃-N和NO₂^--N浓度在总干渠沿程呈波动特征;Fe²⁺和Mn²⁺浓度在北盘石以南断面较为稳定,之后分别呈降低和升高趋势.基于上述物质耗氧的化学计量关系,DOM耗氧量均值为1.86 mg·L^-1,对高锰酸盐指数的平均贡献率超过了70%;无机物质中NH₃-N耗氧量最高,平均为0.134 mg·L^-1,而NO₂^--N、Fe²⁺及Mn²⁺的耗氧量均低于0.1 mg·L^-1.对主要耗氧因子DOM的三维荧光分析结果表明,荧光指数（FI）、自生源指数（BIX）、腐殖化指数（HIX）变化范围分别为1.68~3.62、0.68~1.22、1.47~3.04,表现出较强的自生源特征,DOM内源输入占比达到了71.63%~80.94%,并且在藻类爆发期,藻密度突变点与高锰酸盐指数的突变点高度吻合.上述结果表明主要来源于自身藻类和微生物的DOM是导致总干渠沿程高锰酸盐指数升高的主要原因,干渠自身生物化学过程对水质的影响值得长期关注.