Quantification of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emitted from pig buildings in Korea

The aim of this field study was to determine the concentrations and emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in different types of pig buildings in Korea to allow objective comparison between pig housing types in Korea and other countries. Concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the pig buildings averaged 7.5ppm and 286.5ppb and ranged from 0.8 to 21.4ppm and from 45.8 to 1235ppb, respectively. The mean emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide per pig (normalized to 75kg liveweight) and area (m2) from pig buildings were 250.2 and 37.8mg/h/pig and 336.3 and 50.9mg/h/m2, respectively. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations and emissions were higher in the pig buildings managed with deep-pit manure systems with slats and mechanical ventilation than in other housing types.     

磷酸盐对硫化亚铁(FeS)吸附Sb (Ⅲ)的影响机理研究

还原环境（如湖泊、海洋沉积物）中，FeS是重金属的重要载体。在富营养化过程中，磷酸盐可能对重金属在FeS上的吸附行为产生重要影响。本文通过不同pH、磷酸盐浓度的批次试验，结合X射线衍射仪（XRD）和场发射透射电子电镜-能谱仪（TEM-EDS）固体分析手段，进行磷酸盐对FeS吸附Sb （Ⅲ）的影响研究。结果表明：酸性和中性条件下，磷酸盐会与FeS溶解释放的Fe （Ⅱ）反应生成磷酸亚铁沉淀，促进FeS溶解，同时释放出更多的H₂S （aq）/HS^-与Sb （Ⅲ）结合形成Sb₂S₃沉淀，从而促进溶液中Sb （Ⅲ）的吸附。碱性条件下，FeS对Sb （Ⅲ）只有吸附作用，而磷酸盐会占据FeS表面部分的吸附位点，与Sb （Ⅲ）形成竞争关系，进而抑制溶液中Sb （Ⅲ）的吸附。     

Mercury removal from flue gas using nitrate as an electron acceptor in a membrane biofilm reactor

Membrane bioreactor achieved mercury removal using nitrate as an electron acceptor. The biological mercury oxidation increased with the increase of oxygen concentration. Ferrous sulfide could make both Hg²⁺ and MeHg transform into HgS-like substances. Nitrate drives mercury oxidation through katE, katG, nar, nir, nor, and nos. Mercury (Hg⁰) is a hazardous air pollutant for its toxicity, and bioaccumulation. This study reported that membrane biofilm reactor achieved mercury removal from flue gas using nitrate as the electron acceptor. Hg⁰ removal efficiency was up to 88.7% in 280 days of operation. Oxygen content in flue gas affected mercury redox reactions, mercury biooxidation and microbial methylation. The biological mercury oxidation increased with the increase of oxygen concentration (2%‒17%), methylation of mercury reduced with the increase of oxygen concentration. The dominant bacteria at oxygen concentration of 2%, 6%, 17%, 21% were Halomonas, Anaerobacillus, Halomonas and Pseudomonas, respectively. The addition of ferrous sulfide could immobilize Hg²⁺ effectively, and make both Hg²⁺ and MeHg transform into HgS-like substances, which could achieve the inhibition effect of methylation, and promote conversion of mercury. The dominant bacteria changed from Halomonas to Planctopirus after FeS addition. Nitrate drives mercury oxidation through katE, katG, nar, nir, nor, and nos for Hg⁰ removal in flue gas.     

顶空气相色谱分析原理与技术

系统讨论了静态顶空气相色谱的原理,包括多次相平衡法、改变相比法和标准加入定量法。测定了挥发性有机物在气液两相间的分配常数及其在水中的含量。提出了通过测定分配常数作为分析准确度的判据。研究了温度、相比、分配常数和无机盐对顶空分析灵敏度的影响。采用顶空色谱测定了河流底泥中的可酸挥发硫化物。