2013—2017年《自然资源学报》办刊进展

论文基于2013—2017年中国科学技术信息研究所发布的《中国科技期刊引证报告（核心版）》和《中国科技期刊引证报告（扩刊版）》,《中国学术期刊（光盘版）》电子杂志社有限公司、中国科学文献计量评价研究中心和清华大学图书馆联合发布的《中国学术期刊影响因子年报》以及中国科学院文献情报中心的中国科学引文数据库（CSCD）中统计的《自然资源学报》的总被引频次、影响因子等相关引证指标,分析了近5年来《自然资源学报》一些重要引证指标的变化;同时梳理了《自然资源学报》近5年来被数据库收录情况、获奖情况以及发表的学术论文获奖和被媒体报道、转载情况,总结了2013—2017年间《自然资源学报》的办刊进展。结果表明：1）《自然资源学报》2016年核心影响因子、扩展影响因子和复合影响因子分别达到1.912、2.565、3.250,近5年来的增长率分别达到47.0%、46.4%、33.8%,在资源科学期刊领域排名稳居前列;2）《自然资源学报》已被国内重要数据库和检索系统全部收录,并在2016年被收录在EBSCO最新研发的数据库Academic Search Ultimate;3）2013—2017年间,《自然资源学报》共获得了15项学术期刊领域奖项,2013—2017年连续获得中国科协精品科技期刊工程项目支持,并于2014、2015年获得中国科学院科学出版三等基金资助;4）2013—2017年间,《自然资源学报》共有65篇论文入选中国精品科技期刊顶尖学术论文,多篇论文被媒体报道和转载。通过对2013—2017年《自然资源学报》发展状况的分析,为期刊未来的发展提供科学依据,为我国资源科学期刊质量的提升提供参考。     

我国矿产资源开发生态补偿制度的探讨

矿产资源是经济社会可持续发展战略实施的资源保证,但长期矿产资源的开发造成我国生态破坏和环境污染,成为制约我国经济社会发展的重要因素。本文论述了我国矿产资源开发带来的生态问题,对现行生态补偿措施进行了评价,探讨了建立我国矿产资源开发生态补偿制度的基本思路,对我国矿产资源生态补偿制度的完善提出了建设性意见。     

关于积极推进生态城市建设的对策建议

介绍了沈阳市在生态城市建设中的成绩 ,提出积极推进生态城市建设中要切实注重的几个问题———进一步完善森林城市生态规划 ,提高水资源利用率 ,建设节水型社会 ,保护地下水 ,使人民群众喝上安全合格的水 ,提出对策建议。     

EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN1

ABSTRACT: As part of the National Assessment of Climate Change, the implications of future climate predictions derived from four global climate models (GCMs) were used to evaluate possible future changes to Pacific Northwest climate, the surface water response of the Columbia River basin, and the ability of the Columbia River reservoir system to meet regional water resources objectives. Two representative GCM simulations from the Hadley Centre (HC) and Max Planck Institute (MPI) were selected from a group of GCM simulations made available via the National Assessment for climate change. From these simulations, quasi-stationary, decadal mean temperature and precipitation changes were used to perturb historical records of precipitation and temperature data to create inferred conditions for 2025, 2045, and 2095. These perturbed records, which represent future climate in the experiments, were used to drive a macro-scale hydrology model of the Columbia River at 1/8 degree resolution. The altered streamflows simulated for each scenario were, in turn, used to drive a reservoir model, from which the ability of the system to meet water resources objectives was determined relative to a simulated hydrologic base case (current climate). Although the two GCM simulations showed somewhat different seasonal patterns for temperature change, in general the simulations show reasonably consistent basin average increases in temperature of about 1.8–2.1°C for 2025, and about 2.3–2.9°C for 2045. The HC simulations predict an annual average temperature increase of about 4.5°C for 2095. Changes in basin averaged winter precipitation range from -1 percent to + 20 percent for the HC and MPI scenarios, and summer precipitation is also variously affected. These changes in climate result in significant increases in winter runoff volumes due to increased winter precipitation and warmer winter temperatures, with resulting reductions in snowpack. Average March 1 basin average snow water equivalents are 75 to 85 percent of the base case for 2025, and 55 to 65 percent of the base case by 2045. By 2045 the reduced snowpack and earlier snow melt, coupled with higher evapotranspiration in early summer, would lead to earlier spring peak flows and reduced runoff volumes from April-September ranging from about 75 percent to 90 percent of the base case. Annual runoff volumes range from 85 percent to 110 percent of the base case in the simulations for 2045. These changes in streamflow create increased competition for water during the spring, summer, and early fall between non-firm energy production, irrigation, instream flow, and recreation. Flood control effectiveness is moderately reduced for most of the scenarios examined, and desirable navigation conditions on the Snake are generally enhanced or unchanged. Current levels of winter-dominated firm energy production are only significantly impacted for the MPI 2045 simulations.     

Energy Considerations in Design for Environment: Appropriate Energy Selection and Energy Efficiency

Abstract

The design aspects of energy selection and energy efficiency are described. These topics are key components of Design for Environment, and thus are important considerations in industrial ecology. In the article, background material is presented on energy forms, sources, carriers and conversion technologies. Then, energy use in countries, regions and sectors is discussed, and the impact of energy use on the environment described. Efficiencies and other measures of merit for energy use are presented, and design for energy selection and for energy efficiency are described, highlighting energy-related design factors for pollution prevention. Finally sustainable development and its relation to energy and efficiency are discussed, and a case study is presented.     

我国水资源学术交流十年总结与展望

水资源是基础性的自然资源和战略性的经济资源,是一个国家综合国力的有机组成部分。目前,国家已将水资源列为与粮食、石油资源并列的三大战略资源之一。随着经济社会快速发展,水资源供需矛盾越来越突出,水资源已成为制约国民经济发展的重大"瓶颈"。因此,水资源研究已成为支撑我国可持续发展的重要学科领域。论文在大量文献分析的基础上,阐述了水资源研究发展过程;介绍了近十年来中国自然资源学会水资源专业委员会主办的主要学术交流情况,总结了近期我国水资源研究进展;在以上分析的基础上,对水资源学科发展趋势进行了分析,并对近期水资源研究进行展望,提出未来十年我国水资源学术交流发展方向。     

废旧电脑拆解工艺与资源化案例研究

以某再生资源公司的废旧电脑拆解为案例进行研究,介绍了工艺技术、拆解回收各种资源的数据。研究结果表明,我国废旧电脑人工拆解-破碎-冶炼相结合的工艺,是电子废弃物循环利用、资源高效回收、减少环境风险的较好工艺技术,符合固废处理的3R(替代、减少、优化)原则。     

论保护三江平原湿地的意义与措施

20世纪后半叶,三江平原进行了大规模的开发,虽然为国家粮食供应做出了贡献,但大片湿地遭到破坏。现在为拯救中国这块唯一保持原始面貌的淡水湿地,当地政府制定了具体的三江平原湿地保护条例。建立了国家级的自然保护区,保护三江平原湿地终于纳入了政府工作的议事日程,为了加深人们对保护三江平原湿地意义的认识,本文从分析三江平原湿地的自然状况、三江湿地开发对当地生态和经济的影响入手,论述了三江平原湿地保护的重要意义和应采取的具体措施。     

沈阳卧龙湖省级自然保护区湿地现状与生态功能利用探讨

针对沈阳卧龙湖省级自然保护区的地域特点,详尽地分析了此地区的主要资源及保护、开发利用现状,从加大湿地保护的宣传力度,提高群众的环境保护意识等五个方面提出湿地保护建议和措施。保护是为了可持续发展,文中指出沈阳卧龙湖省级自然保护区湿地资源的科学合理开发利用一定要把它纳入到整体规划中去,在保护的前提下,走可持续发展之路。     

A Perspective on Nonstationarity and Water Management1

Hirsch, Robert M., 2011. A Perspective on Nonstationarity and Water Management. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(3):436‐446. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00539.x Abstract: This essay offers some perspectives on climate‐related nonstationarity and water resources. Hydrologists must not lose sight of the many sources of nonstationarity, recognizing that many of them may be of much greater magnitude than those that may arise from climate change. It is paradoxical that statistical and deterministic approaches give us better insights about changes in mean conditions than about the tails of probability distributions, and yet the tails are very important to water management. Another paradox is that it is difficult to distinguish between long‐term hydrologic persistence and trend. Using very long hydrologic records is helpful in mitigating this problem, but does not guarantee success. Empirical approaches, using long‐term hydrologic records, should be an important part of the portfolio of research being applied to understand the hydrologic response to climate change. An example presented here shows very mixed results for trends in the size of the annual floods, with some strong clusters of positive trends and a strong cluster of negative trends. The potential for nonstationarity highlights the importance of the continuity of hydrologic records, the need for repeated analysis of the data as the time series grow, and the need for a well‐trained cadre of scientists and engineers, ready to interpret the data and use those analyses to help adjust the management of our water resources.