厨房空气中甲醛卫生标准的研究

通过对甲醛嗅及刺激阈的测试，毒理学资料分析，结合现场流行病学调查，提出了厨房空气中甲醛的一次最高容浓度为０．１３ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。     

Environmental impact assessment in the association of southeast Asian Nations

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations has agreed that environmental protection and sustainable use of natural resources are essential for sound economic development. The Environmental Impact Assessment is viewed as an important management tool and an ASEAN Experts Group on the Environment has been working for several years on a model especially adapted to the region and also on case studies of the implementation of EIA. Progress so far has been frustratingly slow due to misunderstanding, a lack of ecological data, inadequate trained manpower and institutional shortcomings for compliance. The author advocates collaboration on an ASEAN model for performing EIA as a means of accelerating acceptance and implementation. The concept of Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management is proposed as a prototype.     

我国道路运输现代化建设评价体系的建立

交通运输系统是国民经济的重要生产系统 ,同时又是国民经济发展的重要条件 ,其中道路运输作为交通运输系统的一个子系统 ,其现代化的实质就是建设与基本实现现代化的社会经济相适应的道路运输。笔者介绍了交通运输现代化的含义以及我国道路运输现代化建设的必要性及内容要求 ;给出了建立我国道路运输现代化建设评价体系应遵循的 5项原则 ;进而在借鉴山东省交通运输现代化道路运输现代化目标体系结构的基础上 ,对我国道路运输现代化建设评价指标体系进行了科学、合理的设计 ;最后建立了一套我国道路运输现代化建设综合评判模型 ,该模型包括我国道路运输现代化建设的评价标准确定、指标权数确定方法以及评价方法的选择。     

Analysis of a gas-phase partitioning tracer test conducted in an unsaturated fractured-clay formation

The gas-phase partitioning tracer method was used to estimate non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL), water, and air saturations in the vadose zone at a chlorinated-solvent contaminated field site in Tucson, AZ. The tracer test was conducted in a fractured-clay system that is the confining layer for the underlying regional aquifer. Three suites of three tracers were injected into wells located 14, 24, and 24 m from a single, central extraction well. The tracers comprised noble gases (traditionally thought to be nonsorbing), alkanes (primarily water partitioning), perfluorides (primarily NAPL partitioning), and halons (both NAPL and water partitioning). Observations of vacuum response were consistent with flow in a fractured system. The halon tracers exhibited the greatest amount of retardation, and helium and the perfluoride tracers the least. The alkane tracers were unexpectedly more retarded than the perfluoride tracers, indicating low NAPL saturations and high water saturations. An NAPL saturation of 0.01, water saturation of 0.215, and gas saturation of 0.775 was estimated based on analysis of the suite of tracers comprising helium, perfluoromethylcyclohexane and dibromodifluoromethane, which was considered to be the most robust set. The estimated saturations compare reasonably well to independently determined values.     

影响大型复杂机械钢结构系统可靠性的因素分析

以结构力学为理论依据,以有限单元法为基础,借助和参考有关有限元程序设计方法,按照结构系统可靠性失效模式分析的要求,采用编程语言研制成功基于有限元的可靠性分析软件RAPS(Reliability Analysis Program of Structure based on FEM),运用该软件对立体车库钢结构的可靠性进行具体的分析;对判定结构系统失效与否的失效准则进行讨论和分析,并针对立体车库钢结构,得出合理的失效准则和系统可靠度的计算方法;通过实例说明约界参数CAP、失效路径长度和系统复杂程度对失效准则和系统可靠度结果的影响。     

地下管线工程地震破坏等级划分标准

简要介绍了地下管线工程的地震破坏特点及类型，搜集整理了国内外地下管线工程地震破坏等级划分标准方面的有关标准、规定，对不同标准、规定进行了评述，在此基础上，以整个管网系统为评定对象，主要考虑管段破坏程度和单位长度管线破坏处数两个因素，将管网系统地震破坏细划为基本完好、轻微破坏、中等破坏、严重破坏及毁坏5个等级，给出了一套新的地下管线工程地震破坏等级划分标准。     

中国自然灾害灾情统计现状及展望

自然灾害灾情统计是灾害评估、应急救助、灾后恢复重建等工作的基础。本文从我国自然灾害灾情统计的现状出发，认为灾种界定不清、统计内容不规范、尚未建立高效的灾情上报系统是我国灾情统计工作中存在的几大问题。建立规范的灾情统计标准和对重大自然灾害事件的统计制度、建立灾情统计的评估方法、提高基层灾情统计人员素质等，是推动我国灾情统计工作快速发展的主要途径。     

辽宁省近50年降水量的突变特征及变化趋势分析

首先采用Pettitt方法对辽宁省21个气象站1958年一2008年51年的降水量序列进行突变分析,结果显示54476和54486两测站的年降水量序列分别在1996年和1998年存在显著的突变且通过了显著性水平检验,其它测站的降水量序列均未检测出显著的突变年份。根据累积距平曲线分析辽宁省51年的年均降水量在时间尺度上大致分为三个阶段：1958年一1975年为降水量增加阶段,1975年一1996年为降水量稳定阶段,1996年一2008为降水量减少阶段。最后应用Morlet小波分析对辽宁省年均降水量进行周期分析,结果表明降水在大尺度时间上存在约24年的周期震荡,在小尺度时间上存在约9年的周期震荡。     

Evaluation of zeolite-sand mixtures as reactive materials protecting groundwater at waste disposal sites

To recognize properties of a mixture of Vistula sand (medium sand acc. to USCS) with Slovak zeolite as reactive materials suitable for permeable reactive barriers proposed for protection of groundwater environment in vicinity of old landfills comprehensive laboratory investigations were performed. The present study investigates the removal of contaminants specific for landfill leachates onto zeolite-sand mixtures containing 20%, 50% and 80% of zeolite (ZS20, ZS50 and ZS80). Taking into account the results of batch tests it was concluded that the Langmuir isotherm best fitted the data. It was observed that the presence of ammonium, calcium and magnesium decreases the removal efficiency of copper by 32%. Column tests of contaminant migration through the attenuation zone of the reactive materials were interpreted using the software package CXTFIT, which solves a one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation. Column test results also indicate the strong influence of the presence of interfering substances on copper immobilisation; dynamic sorption capacities decrees twofold. Throughout the landfill leachate flow through ZS80 sample, a constant reduction of NH+4 (at 100%), K+ (at 93%) and Fe total (at an average of 86%) were observed. There was no reduction in chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand.     

基于Seam型裂纹的复合型裂纹起裂角预测的有限元法

目的对处于多轴应力状态下的复合型裂纹起裂角进行预测。方法考虑材料的弹性性能,利用商业有限元软件ABAQUS中的Seam裂纹模拟穿透型裂纹损伤,建立双轴载荷作用下中心带孔边裂纹板的三维有限元模型,通过位移外推法得到裂纹尖端的应力强度因子(Stress Intensity Factor,SIF),并利用求得的SIF基于最大周向应力断裂准则预测孔边裂纹的起裂角。结果通过与相关文献结果进行对比,发现通过该有限元方法计算得到的应力强度因子与文献结果的最大误差在2%以内,预测的裂纹起裂角与文献结果的最大误差在3%以内。结论该有限元方法计算的裂纹起裂角与文献结果一致,因此文中求解复合型裂纹起裂角所使用的有限元方法是可靠有效的。