城镇生活污水厂实行清洁生产途径分析

结合企业清洁生产理论,根据污水处理厂实际情况,从“节能、降耗、减排、增效”出发,详细阐述了污水厂实行清洁生产的途径。指出节约电能、新鲜水、药剂,减少污染物排放是污水处理厂清洁生产的主要出发点。并进行实例分析。     

沈阳市某污水处理厂化学除磷的试验研究

某执行《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）二级排放标准的污水处理厂升级改造要达到一级A标准,其难点之一为改造后总磷达标。为此进行了化学除磷深度处理的单元试验研究,为污水处理厂升级改造除磷工作提供理论依据和数据支持。     

污水处理消毒技术及发展方向

水循环过程中因受自然因素和人类的生活生产活动的影响,杂质和异物带入水循环形成污水。污水主要包括城市生活污水、工业废水和径流污水。若这些污水若不经处理就排入地面水体,就会使河流、湖泊受到严重污染。污水经过二级处理后,仍可能有病原菌,因此必须对污水进行消毒。本文分析比较了紫外线消毒以及氯消毒技术的适用条件、优缺点,还比较分析比较了二氧化氯消毒以及臭氧消毒技术的适用条件与优缺点,并对污水消毒技术的发展方向进行了探讨。     

Denitrification potential enhancement by addition of external carbon sources in a pre-denitrification process

The aim of this study is to investigate the denitrification potential enhancement by addition of external carbon sources and to estimate the denitrification potential for the predenitrification system using nitrate utilization rate （NUR） batch tests. It is shown that the denitrification potential can be substantially increased with the addition of three external carbon sources, i.e. methanol, ethanol, and acetate, and the denitrification rates of ethanol, acetate, and methanol reached up to 9.6, 12, and 3.2 mgN/（g VSS.h）, respectively, while that of starch wastewater was only 0.74 mgN/（g VSS,h）. By comparison, ethanol was found to be the best external carbon source. NUR batch tests with starch wastewater and waste ethanol were carried out. The denitfification potential increased from 5.6 to 16.5 mg NO3-N/L owing to waste ethanol addition. By means of NUR tests, the wastewater characteristics and kinetic parameters can be estimated, which are used to determine the denitrification potential of wastewater, to calculate the denitrification potential of the plant and to predict the nitrate effluent quality, as well as provide information for developing carbon dosage control strategy.     

Elevated CO2 changes the moderate shade tolerance of yellow birch seedlings

To demonstrate the existence of light thresholds in plant growth and to examine the effects of elevated CO2 on the shade tolerance of a tree species, an experiment consisting of a completely randomized design for a total of 96 yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) seedlings was conducted with 3 light levels (2.9%, 7.7%, 26.1% of full sunlight)×2 CO2 levels (350 and 700±10 ppm) with 4 replications in a phytotron. The study proved that thresholds exist and they vary in different plant organs. In ambient CO2, the thresholds were 13.3%, 18.7%, 15.0%, 15.2%, and 15.6% of full sunlight for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. In 700 ppm CO2, the corresponding thresholds were 16.7%, 21.3%, 18.1%, 21.7% and 19.5% for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. The lowest threshold in the stem is an indicator of the minimal light intensity for regular growth for seedlings of this species. Below this threshold, light-stressful growth occurs. The result of a paired t-test indicated that the thresholds in elevated CO2 were significantly higher than in ambient CO2. This suggests that yellow birch will lose its moderate shade tolerance, evolutionally becoming a shade-intolerant species, and that it may become more difficult to naturally regenerate in the future.     

金鱼藻对14CO2的吸收和积累动态

为了探明14CO2(14C)在环境中的行为,采用同位素示踪技术研究了金鱼藻对14CO2的吸收和积累动态,并探讨了金鱼藻作为监测大气14CO2污染指示植物的可能性.结果表明,生长在水中的金鱼藻会通过某些途径吸收空气中14CO2并形成积累趋势,吸收途径主要是金鱼藻通过光合作用从水体中吸收游离14CO2和H14CO3-.金鱼...     

污水处理厂中全氟化合物的污染研究

为研究全氟化合物在污水厂中的去除效率和环境行为,对泰安市2座污水处理厂进出水中不同链长的全氟磺酸和全氟羧酸的存在与分布进行了采样调查,并分析了全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和全氟辛烷羧酸(PFOA)在采用曝气-A2O工艺的污水处理厂各单位中的浓度变化情况.研究发现,上述污水厂进出水中全氟化合物的污染程度较轻,其中,PFOA、...     

日本森林大气中过氧化物的浓度及其对森林植物的影响

为了研究森林衰退的原因,于2000,2001和2002年的8月,分别选择出现森林衰退的日本奥日光白根山落叶树森林和未出现森林衰退的长野县大芝高原红松森林设立监测点,对光化学氧化剂臭氧(O3)和过氧化物的浓度进行监测,同时利用人工气候室对森林植物山毛榉和白桦进行了50′10-9O3、100′10-9O3和50′10-9O3+2′10-9~3′10-9过氧化物(过氧化氢(H2O2)及甲基过氧化氢(MHP))的暴露实验.野外监测结果表明,监测期间奥日光和长野的O3平均浓度相同,奥日光的H2O2及MHP平均浓度均高于长野;大气中的H2O2和MHP总是与O3共存,并且其浓度随O3浓度的增加而增加.暴露实验结果表明,暴露于50′10-9O3+2′10-9~3′10-9过氧化物的山毛榉和白桦出现了不同于O3暴露的叶片伤害症状;与100′10-9O3相比,50′10-9O3+2′10-9~3′10-9过氧化物导致植物出现了严重的叶片伤害和显著的光合速率下降.研究结果表明,除O3外,大气中的过氧化物也是导致森林衰退的原因之一.     

四川某中小城镇污水处理厂进水水质统计分析

生活污水水质对处理工艺的选择、设计参数的选取以及稳定运行十分重要。运用SPSS软件,对四川某中小城镇污水处理厂为期一年的进水指标(水量、COD、氨氮、总磷、pH、SS)进行方差和相关性分析。方差分析结果显示进水量、氨氮和SS在月份和季节之间存在显著性差异,而总磷和pH仅在月份之间存在显著差异,COD在季度和月份之间无显著性差异;指标相关性分析表明,进水量和氨氮之间呈负相关,氨氮和总磷、COD和总磷之间呈正相关,且相关性显著。在此分析的基础上对污水处理厂设计、工艺选择及运行管理提出了一些建议。     

Source attributions of heavy metals in rice plant along highway in Eastern China

Air and soil pollution from traffic has been considered as a critical issue to crop production and food safety, however, few efforts have been paid on distinguish the source origin of traffic-related contaminants in rice plant along highway. Therefore, we investigated metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu) concentrations and stable Pb isotope ratios in rice plants exposed and unexposed to highway traffic pollution in Eastern China in 2008. Significant differences in metals concentrations between the exposed and unexposed plants existed in leaf for Pb, Cd and Zn, in stem only for Zn, and in grain for Pb and Cd. About 46% of Pb and 41% of Cd in the grain were attributed to the foliar uptake from atmosphere, and there were no obvious contribution of atmosphere to the accumulations of Cr, Zn and Cu in grain. Except for Zn, all of the heavy metals in stem were attributed to the root uptake from soil, although significant accumulations of Pb and Cd from atmosphere existed in leaf. This indicated that different processes existed in the subsequent translocation of foliar-absorbed heavy metals between rice organs. The distinct separation of stable Pb isotope ratios among rice grain, leaf, stem, soil and vehicle exhaust further provided evidences on the different pathways of heavy metal accumulation in rice plant. These results suggested that further more attentions should be paid to the atmospheric deposition of heavy metals from traffic emission when plan crop layout for food safety along highway.