土壤对六价铬的还原容量初步研究

提出并讨论了土壤的潜在还原容量、有效还原容量和条件还原容量等概念，通过对采用北京和唐山地下水饮用水源区３个包气带土壤样品的土柱淋滤实验，研究了土壤对水溶液中六价铬的还原作用，研究了上述土壤各种还原容量之间的关系及影响因素，探讨了向土壤中投加适量常见，无毒，价廉的还原性物质以提高土壤还原能力的方法和将其应用于去除灌溉用污染地下水中六价铬的可能性，实验结果表明，在正常环境条件下，土壤的有效还原容量比土     

VOC removal from contaminated groundwater through membrane pervaporation. (Ⅱ): 1,1,1-trichloroethane-SDS surfactant solution system

IntroductionTheconventionalmethodforsubsurfaceremediationofgroundwatercontaminationwithVOCsistheso called“pump and treat”technology .Thelimitationofthisapproachistheprohibitivelylongtreatmenttimeforremediatingthegroundwatercontaminatedwithcommonchlorinatedsolventsthathavedensitiesgreaterthanthatofwater(classifiedasDNAPLs densenon aqueousphaseliquids) .Thisislargelyduetotheverylowwatersolubilityandlowbiodegradabilityofthisclassofsolventsandthetendencyofthesolventssettlinginthebottomofanaqu…     

反硝化在土壤及地下水中的净化作用

综述了土壤及地下水系统中反硝化作用的研究进展，详细地介绍了反硝化作用的原理和机制，用以防治地表水和地下水的污染。     

Study of prediction for groundwater contamination in wastewater land treatment system

This paper uses a prediction model of groundwater pollution based on the experiments in the laboratory and in field .The model, which was tested and calibrated by the field observated data ,satisfactorily simulated the field conditions in land treatment system of wastewater . Particularly , the model can provide the reliable pollution prediction of heavy metals , organisms and nitrogen . The model was used to predict the groundwater pollution caused by the land treatment system in the region of North China . The calibration of the model showed that correlation coefficients between the tested and predictive data of Cr6+. As3+, organism and NH4+ could reach 0.990, which proved that the model possessed the realistic instructive significance for design and use of wastewater land treatment systems .     

焦作煤矿区浅层地下水污染成因及特征研究

研究了焦作煤矿区的浅层地下水污染动态，分析了焦作市的地下水污染状况，找出了地下水污染的四条途径，讨论了浅层孔隙地下水污染的主要原因是矿坑排水形成水位降落漏斗、污水灌溉及河渠渗流等，研究了地下水污染的空间分布特征和规律。     

Adaptations to the dynamics of rural water supply from natural sources: A village example in semi-arid Nigeria

Domestic and agro-economic activities in the semi-arid region of Nigeria rely exclusively on rainfall, streamflow and groundwater in deep and alluvial (fadama) aquifers. Such water supply systems are subject to considerable seasonal and inter-annual variability. However, a combination of the various sources may mitigate the effects of water scarcity. This study describes the dynamics of the water sources for a village in northeastern Nigeria as an example that demonstrates the linkages between rainfall, streamflow and groundwater. Such linkages are important for developing strategies to mitigate the effects of climatic variation. Long-term records of rainfall were not available at the site so that the short-term data was interpreted in the context of the long-term climatic experience of the region. The stratigraphic profile of the aquifer was developed from resistivity methods, to supplement information obtained from well level hydrographs. Field observations and analysis of the data reveal that the beginning of the rainy season is a precarious period because none of the water sources are reliable. Rainfall infiltration recharges the shallow aquifers while lateral water flux from the floodwater-saturated fadama also contributes to water level rises in the deep wells. A study of the water level changes in response to deepening of the wells suggests that the wells are fed by an assortment of water-bearing lenses, separated by layers of low transmissivity. One major finding of this study is that there exists a close association between the wells in this riparian community and the recharge processes within the fadama. Upstream diversion, abstraction or impoundment could therefore undermine the viability of aquifer exploitation by the communities in the riparian zone. Analysis of the interactions among the various sources of water leads to the identification of several potential adaptation strategies for confronting the problem of water scarcity.     

异养-电极-生物膜联合反应器脱除地下水中硝酸盐的研究

提出了异养 电极 生物膜联合反应器脱除地下水中硝酸盐的工艺 ,该反应器以异养反硝化为主 ,通过电化学段脱除异养段后水中残留的甲醇或硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐氮 .进水中碳氮比 (质量比 )从 2 2— 2 9,都可保证出水中既无亚硝酸盐积累现象 ,也无残留的甲醇 ,但甲醇略为过量时可提高反应器的处理能力 .2 4℃时处理硝酸盐氮浓度 40mg L的进水 ,反应器最大脱硝负荷为 47g (m3 ·h) .     

A new design of groundwater sampling device and its application

Compounds in the atmosphere contaminate samples of groundwater. An inexpensive and simple method for collecting groundwater samples is developed to prevent contamination when the background concentration of contaminants is high. This new design of groundwater sampling device involves a glass sampling bottle with a Teflon-lined valve at each end. A cleaned and dried sampling bottle was connected to a low flow-rate peristaltic pump with Teflon tubing and was filled with water. No headspace volume was remained in the sampling bottle. The sample bottle was then packed in a PVC bag to prevent the target component from infiltrating into the water sample through the valves. In this study, groundwater was sampled at six wells using both the conventional method and the improved method. The analysis of trichlorofluoromethane（ CFC-11 ） concentrations at these six wells indicates that all the groundwater samples obtained by the conventional sampling method were contaminated by CFC-11 from the atmosphere. The improved sampling method greatly eliminated the problems of contamination, preservation and quantitative analysis of natural water.     

南昌地震台地下水位变化异常的分析判别

本篇文章主要通过对南昌台地下水位资料变化的处理分析，利用求地下水水位变化的加速度来判别和分析地震异常，并初步进行试验预报和探索研究。     

模糊评价法在沧州市区地下水脆弱性评价中的应用

以DRASTIC模型为基础，建立了评价含水层污染性难易程度的模糊分析理论与方法，并将其应用于沧州市区地下水系统脆弱性评价。评价结果从趋势上反映了沧州市区地下水受污染的难易程度，与市区地下水污染现状吻合较好。