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231.
Charles M. Buchanan Barry G. Pearcy Alan W. White Matthew D. Wood 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1997,5(4):209-223
The miscibility of cellulose acetate (CA; degree of substitution = 2.5) and poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) has been investigated
using a variety of thermal techniques and by solid-state carbon13 NMR spectroscopy. The blends containing greater than ca.
70% CA were found to be miscible. In the case of blends containing less than ca. 70% CA, a combination of thermal and NMR
analyses suggests that these blends are not fully miscible on a 2.5- to 5-nm scale. On the scale which can be probed by dynamic
mechanical thermal analysis (15 nm), the low-percentage CA blends exhibit “significant local concentration fluctuations≓.
Investigation of the biodegradation of the blend components and of the blends revealed that PES degraded relatively rapidly
and that CA degraded slowly. The blends degraded at a rate essentially identical to that of CA. Miscibility (75% CA blend)
or crystallization of PES (30% CA blend) had no significant effect. These data suggest that a significant mode of degradation
ófPES during composting involves chemical hydrolysis of the polymer followed by biological assimilation of monomers. Degradation
of the blends is initiated in the amorphous phase. Because CA is a significant component of the amorphous phase, a small amount
of CA significantly impacts the biodegradation rates of the blends. 相似文献
232.
233.
介孔ZnO负载Fe-Cu-Zr复合催化剂用于催化燃烧降解乙酸丁酯 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用醇热法制备了有序球状介孔ZnO负载Fe-Cu-Zr复合催化剂,应用BET、SEM、XRD、XPS等对不同物质的量比催化剂进行了表征,研究了催化降解乙酸丁酯的活性及其影响因素,并推测了降解机理.结果表明,铁铜锆复合催化剂颗粒均匀,分散性较好,孔径大部分小于50 nm,比表面积为46~68 m2·g-1.各活性成分能够共存和协同发挥作用,铁、铜、锆离子吸附在氧化锌晶胞内,粒子间量子作用力促使晶胞表面积略有变大.锆能够提高3种活性成分间的作用力,可以调节表面电子密度,促使结合能向低的方向偏移,增强催化剂的氧化还原能力.随着锆比例的增大,催化剂的活性也随之增强;随着初始浓度、空速、相对湿度的增加,乙酸丁酯降解效率均有所下降.在乙酸丁酯初始浓度为2590 mg·m-3、空速为9000 h-1的工况下,ZnO-3M催化剂降解乙酸丁酯的T50为116 ℃,T90为200 ℃,270 ℃时CO2转化率达96%,具有良好的低温催化活性和稳定性.乙酸丁酯催化氧化主要中间产物为少量的低级酸和低碳醇,最后被彻底氧化成CO2和H2O. 相似文献
234.
接种厌氧/缺氧/好氧-生物接触氧化(AAO-BCO)系统的反硝化除磷污泥,采用厌氧/缺氧/好氧-序批式(AAO-SBR)系统,重点考察了乙酸盐和丙酸盐配比(1:0,2:1,1:1,1:2和0:1)对反硝化除磷效率的影响,同时通过高通量测序对比了不同配比下微生物菌群结构的变化.结果表明,5种工况下,AAO-SBR系统均具有较高的有机物去除和反硝化除磷能力.而当乙酸钠/丙酸钠=1:0时,厌氧阶段在高效利用COD(87.63%)的同时完成聚-β-羟基烷酸(PHAs)的合成(174mgCOD/gMLSS),释磷量高达31.22mg/L;缺氧阶段PO43--P的去除(74%)伴随着NO3--N反硝化(90%),PHAs利用率为72.4%,实现了氮磷的高效去除.高通量测序结果表明:不同碳源配比影响了微生物菌群的丰富度和多样性,其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria,31%~76%)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi,1%~26%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,2%~31%)等占据绝大比例,而乙酸钠、丙酸钠共存时,微生物的多样性较好.当乙酸钠为单一碳源时,系统中聚磷菌(PAOs,21.364%)在与聚糖菌(GAOs,2.317%)的竞争中占绝对优势. 相似文献
235.
Mineral dust, soil, and sea salt aerosols are among the most abundant primary inorganic aerosols in the atmosphere, and their hygroscopicity affects the hydrological cycle and global climate. We investigated the hygroscopic behaviors of six Na- and K-containing salts commonly found in those primary organic aerosols. Their hygroscopic growths as a function of relative humidity (RH) agree well with thermodynamic model prediction. Temperature dependence of deliquescence RH (DRH) values for five of those salts was also investigated, which are comparable to those in literature within 1%–2% RH, most showing negative dependence on temperature. Hygroscopic growth curves of real-world soil and sea salt samples were also measured. The hygroscopic growths of two more-hydroscopic saline soil samples and of sea salt can be predicted by the thermodynamic model based on the measured water-soluble ionic composition. The substantial amounts of water-soluble ions, including Na+ and K+, in saline soil samples imply that even nascent saline soil samples are quite hygroscopic at high-RH (>80%) conditions. For three less-hygroscopic dust samples, however, measurements showed higher water uptake ability than that predicted by the thermodynamic model. The small amount of water taken up by less-hygroscopic dust samples suggests that dust particles might contain thin layers of water even to very low RH. The results of this study provide a comprehensive characterization of the hygroscopicity of Na- and K-containing salts as related to their roles in the hygroscopic behaviors of saline mineral dusts and sea salt aerosols. 相似文献
236.
利用醋酸废水制取醋酸钙镁盐 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
用三辛胺萃取醋酸废水中的醋酸,加入白云石灰乳反萃、可制得环保型除冰剂醋酸钙镁盐(CMA)。研究了萃取剂组成,剂水比,萃取温度,萃取时间,搅拌速度对萃取效率的影响,确定了反萃的操作条件。试验表明:采用该法处理稀醋酸,工艺简单、醋酸利用率高。 相似文献
237.
Summary. To gain insight into the evolution of the sex pheromone communication system in Ostrinia (Lepidoptera Pyralidae), the sex pheromone of the burdock borer, O. zealis was analyzed by means of gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), GC-mass spectrometry and a series of
bioassays. Four EAD-active compounds were detected in the female sex pheromone gland extract, and these were identified as
tetradecyl acetate (14:OAc), (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9–14:OAc), (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:OAc) and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc). The average amounts (ratio) of the four compounds in single sex pheromone glands were 2.5 ng (13%), 11.6 ng (61%),
4.1 ng (21%) and 0.9 ng (5%), respectively. In a wind-tunnel bioassay, the ternary blend of Z9-, E11- and Z11-14:OAc at a ratio found in the sex pheromone gland elicited the same behavioral responses from the males as did virgin
females. 14:OAc did not show any enhancement or inhibition of the males’ behavioral responses when added to the ternary blend.
The attractiveness of the 3-component lure to O. zealis males was also confirmed by field trapping experiments. Based on these results, we concluded that the sex pheromone of O. zealis is composed of Z9-14:OAc, E11-14:OAc and Z11-14:OAc at a ratio of 70:24:6. The evolutionary changes of the sex pheromones in Ostrinia are also discussed based on the presently available information on the sex pheromones and phylogenetic relationships of Ostrinia spp.
Received 25 September 1998; accepted 2 December 1998. 相似文献
238.
Ruijie Li Mengmeng Zhou Shilong He Tingting Pan Jing Liu Jiabao Zhu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):91
239.
240.
Electrochemical studies of pesticides using various electrode systems attain prominence in recent years because of their application in trace determinations. Cyclic voltammetric studies of methyl parathion on a glassy carbon electrode at various pH in 50% aqueous ethanol medium were carried out. Influence of pH led to the selection of pH 1.0 as the best pH for the electroanalysis of methyl parathion. The number of electrons transferred was determined using controlled potential coulometry. On the basis of the results a probable reduction mechanism was proposed. Cyclic voltammetric studies of methyl parathion using polypyrrole deposited and sodium montmorillonite clay modified electrodes in the presence of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide were carried out. The clay-modified electrode and the reduction peak around ?0.2?V were selected for stripping analysis owing to their maximum current response. The experimental parameters were optimized using the differential pulse stripping mode. A calibration plot was made. The determination limit and standard deviations were arrived. The applicability of the method was also verified in a sample soil analysis. 相似文献