邻苯二甲酸酯在松花江吉林段水体中的分布规律

邻苯二甲酸酯是一类含有苯环的有机污染物,易在生物体内富集,所以开展水体中邻苯二甲酸酯的分布规律研究至关重要。对松花江吉林段2008年3月份不同监测断面的水体进行监测,通过GC-MS定性分析和GC定量分析,确定该江段水体邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物的分布规律、污染状况与污染水平。研究结果表明,松花江吉林段水体中主要的邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物是邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯,其分布的总体趋势是更易存在于水相中。     

城市污染河道沉积物碳氮赋存对有机质分解的影响

以城市污染河道沉积物为研究对象,探究城市河道沉积物碳氮赋存特征对有机质分解过程的影响.结果表明,沉积物有机质含量较高是城市河道的显著特征;有机质65%以上以胡敏素类的惰性腐殖质的形式存在;有机氮是氮素的主要赋存形态,约占总氮的57.5%~91.3%;氨氮主要赋存于活性组分中,而惰性有机组分抗分解能力明显高于其他组分;氨氮饱和吸附后的沉积物有机质去除量明显减少,最高达到50%,表明氨氮也是限制有机质分解的重要因素.     

Identification of causative compounds and microorganisms for musty odor occurrence in the Huangpu River, China

There are regular problems of musty odor in the Huangpu River,a major source of drinking water for Shanghai,China.In this study,the musty odor and its main causative compounds in the Huangpu River source water were confirmed through a yearly investigation using flavor profile analysis combined with HSPME-GC-MS analysis.The investigation showed that 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) with a concentration level between 28.6 and 71.0 ng/L was responsible for the musty odor in summer from July to September.Microscopic observation confirmed with the cloning results showed that Phormidium spp.,which accounted for 80%-95% of the algal cell density,was the microorganisms responsible for the production of 2-MIB and the estimated 2-MIB yield was 0.022 pg/cell.Results from a wide-area sampling campaign in the Huangpu River watershed showed that,other than the large tributaries receiving water from Tai Lake,several small creeks close to the intake may have contributed most of the 2-MIB and the Phormidium spp.to the Huangpu River source water.This study provides methodology for the investigation of odor causing compounds and microorganisms in river-type source water,and the result will be useful for water quality control in both source water and drinking water.     

处理微污染河水的人工湿地中磷的去除特征及吸附形态分布

通过在野外条件下构建两座潜流人工湿地,考察了湿地对微污染水体中磷的净化效果,以及湿地填料对4种主要形态磷的吸附特征.结果表明,湿地对总磷(TP)的平均去除率在30％左右,颗粒性总磷(STP)去除比例略高于溶解性总磷(DTP).两个湿地中TP的出水负荷随其进水负荷的升高线性增大,而磷的单位面积去除负荷与进水负荷呈对数关系,迸水负荷超过1000 g·m-2·d-1后,去除负荷没有发生明显变化.4种主要形态磷的吸附量关系表现为钙镁磷(Ca/Mg-P,12582和11052 mg)＞铁铝磷(Fe/Al-P,5312和5750 mg)＞弱吸附磷(Plabile-P,2054和1207 mg)＞腐殖质磷(Humic-P,-362和-136 mg).湿地3层填料对Humic-P和Plabile-P的吸附能力有限,且伴有解吸现象,而Ca/Mg-P和Fe/Al-P的吸附主要发生在卵石和碎砖层,碎石层对湿地中磷的去除贡献较低.栽种植物对湿地中填料对磷的吸附影响较小.     

石灰石和黄铁矿-石灰石人工湿地净化河水的研究

利用石灰石和黄铁矿-石灰石水平潜流人工湿地处理受到污染的河水,了解它们对河水中污染物,尤其是对氮和磷的去除效果,并分析这些矿物的作用,考察了水力停留时间变化对2种人工湿地污染物净化效果的影响.结果表明,污染物去除效果的最佳停留时间出现在3 d左右,COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别达到51%、70%和95%.在相同进水水质和水力负荷运行条件下,石灰石和黄铁矿-石灰石这2种人工湿地对COD的平均去除率分别为53.93%和51.66%,对NH4+-N的平均去除率分别为82.13%和77.43%,对TN的平均去除率分别为66%和72.06%,对TP的平均去除率分别为50.9%和97.35%.2种人工湿地对COD的去除效果差距不大,黄铁矿-石灰石人工湿地的脱氮除磷效果优于石灰石湿地,对磷有较好的去除效果,不受温度影响且净化效果稳定,适宜长期稳定运行.     

Tidal river management in the south west Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in Bangladesh: Moving towards a transdisciplinary approach?

Due to both natural and anthropogenic forces, the south west part of the Ganges-Brahmaputra coastal area is facing diverse problems such as waterlogging, salinity, and loss of biodiversity. In order to address these challenges, local people have identified ‘tidal river management (TRM)’ as a comprehensive approach for sustainably managing this part of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin. However, due to institutional limitations, mismanagement and social conflicts, application of the TRM approach is not straightforward. In order to identify existing implementation barriers and to effectively apply the TRM approach, a transdisciplinary approach is examined for its potential to inform the re-shaping of TRM governing values and actions. It is argued that a thorough application of a transdisciplinary framework is essential, supported by the active involvement of key agencies and local stakeholders. The proposed transdisciplinary framework can potentially be applied to TRM projects for solving waterlogging and associated problems in order to achieve greater sustainability of the area.     

小流域生态经济型水土保持综合治理研究

文中介绍了根据辽东山区生态环境和自然资源特点，以市场规律为指导，在水土保持生态环境建设中，将小流域水土流失防治与资源开发紧密结合起来，促进了流域生态经济同步发展的经验，进而探讨了小流域治理生态经济良性循环可持续发展有效途径     

daNUbs: Lessons learned for nutrient management in the Danube Basin and its relation to Black Sea euthrophication

The results of the daNUbs-project deliver a basis for a proper management of nutrients in the Danube Basin. The understanding of the sources, pathways, and sinks of nutrients in the Basin and their effects on the Western ad North-Western Black Sea (WBS) ecosystem has been improved. Quantitative models on the emission of nutrients, their transport along the rivers, and their impact on the WBS have been further developed and combined. Phosphorus loads discharged by the Danube are 30-50% lower than in the 1980s (dissolved P even to a higher extent). Nitrogen emissions have decreased considerably as well. The lower nutrient discharges from the Danube have led to a significant improvement in the WBS ecosystem. Current low discharges of N and P to the WBS are the result of (1) improved nutrient removal from waste water in Germany, Austria, and Czech Republic, (2) reduced P-discharges from detergents and (3) the consequences of the economic crisis in central and eastern European countries following the political changes of 1989/1990. As the decrease is partly due to the economic breakdown in the formerly communist countries, economic development in these countries has to go along with proper nutrient management. Otherwise, the situation in the WBS ecosystem will deteriorate again.     

塔里木河流域水质变化趋势分析

应用季节性肯达尔非参数检验方法，对塔里木河干流及三大源流１９９２－１９９８年间的水质变化趋势进行了分析检验，客观、定量地描述了塔里木河的水质变化动态，对于进一步掌握塔里木河的水质变化有着重要意义。     

松花江水质因子分析及动态变化

松花江的水质一直受到各方的关注,尤其是在80年代末到90年代初.大多数的研究都关注重金属、有机有毒污染物等主要污染物的源、汇、归宿以及生态效应.然而,这些研究通常只考虑一个或几个独立的水质指标,多个指标的联合效应则很少研究.文章在监测数据的基础上,对松花江水质运用因子分析方法进行了研究.利用因子分析方法可以综合地考虑每个监测断面上的各个监测指标在不同水文期的变化.分析结果表明,松花江的主要污染物是来自非点源的氮源污染物,且其水质在不同的水文期是不同的.这一结果也表明,因子分析方法在分析水质动态变化上是综合有效的.