Jason-2卫星测高数据在陆地水域水位变化监测中的应用——以南洞庭湖为例

论文在对Jason-2/OSTM GDRs数据特点、湖泊水位计算原理、测高数据编辑与处理过程进行详细阐述的基础上,以地处长江中游的南洞庭湖区为监测实例,对Jason-2卫星测高数据在陆地水域水位变化监测中的应用进行了试验研究。在同监测点距离最近的地面水文站实测水位的对比来看,二者监测结果间存在显著的线性相关关系,相关系数达0.974。表明基于Jason-2/OSTM GDR数据的水位监测结果具有较高的可信度,在陆地水域水位变化卫星监测中具有一定的现实可行性,从而为我国陆地水域水位变化监测提供了一种新的有效技术手段。     

Nonylphenol in bivalves and sediments in the northeast coast of China

To understand nonylphenol (NP) contamination in the northeast coastal environment in China, NP was determined in 19 sediment and 20 bivalve samples collected during November 2005. NP was identified in all sediment samples in the range of 8.8 to 1.0 × 10 3 ng/g dw (dry weight), with an average of 0.12 × 10 3 ng/g dw. Most of the bivalve samples (oysters and mussels) contained detectable amounts of NP that ranged from ND (not detected) to 7.6 × 10 3 ng/g dw, with an average value of 0.79 × 10 3 ng/g dw. These results indicated that NP is ubiquitous in sediments and bivalves from the northeast coast of China, and are even present in bivalves sold as seafood. Serious contamination with NP was recorded off the coast of Bohai Strait and in semi-enclosed coastal environment such as Jiaozhou Bay and Liaodong Bay. Possible environmental and human health implications were understood in this study.     

基于AHP的南海海域渔业资源可持续利用评价

根据渔业资源的特点和资料来源,采用层次分析法(AHP)提出了南海海域渔业资源可持续利用的评价指标体系,该指标体系包括渔业资源环境子系统、社会子系统和经济子系统等3个层次的23个指标。在此基础上,采用层次分析和专家咨询相结合的方法确定各指标的权重,并应用层次灰色综合模型评价了南海海域1978—2007年间渔业资源可持续利用状况。结果表明,近30年来,南海海域渔业资源利用水平呈逐步下降的趋势,1984年的综合评价值降至最低水平,仅为1978年的51.7%。1999年后渔业资源可持续利用水平开始波动上升,2007年的可持续利用水平为1978年的72.4%。综合评价的结果与现实情况较为符合,认为层次灰色综合评判模型应用于区域渔业资源可持续利用评价是可行的。文中并提出了加强人工鱼礁建设、增殖放流等水生生物资源养护和转变渔业经济方式等是提高南海海域渔业资源可持续利用水平的重要举措。     

黄河三角洲新生滨海湿地土壤营养元素空间分布特征

根据植被分布状况,在黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区核心区新生湿地内由黄河岸边至海滩方向布设两条平行样带,研究土壤营养元素空间分布特征.结果表明,黄河三角洲新生滨海湿地表层土壤中TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N、TOC、TS和TP平均含量分别为419.37mg·kg-1、3.27mg·kg-1、0.87mg·kg-1、3.43g·kg-1、381.27mg·kg-1和500.86mg·kg-1.从黄河岸边至近海光滩区,土壤中TN、NO3--N、TOC和TS含量逐渐升高.TOC、TN、NH4+-N和NO3--N含量在剖面上均表现为由表向下逐渐降低的规律.相关分析表明,土壤中TS、NO3--N、TN含量与TOC含量之间存在着极显著的正相关,土壤含盐量和pH是影响土壤中TOC、TS、NO3--N、TN含量和碳氮比大小的主要指标.     

Effects of methyl-, phenyl-, ethylmercury and mercurychlorid on immune cells of harbor seals （Phoca vitulina）

Mercury (Hg) is present in the marine environment as a natural metal often enhanced through human activities. Depending on its chemical form, Hg can cause a wide range of immunotoxic e ects. In this study, the influence of methyl-, ethyl- and phenylmercury as well as mercurychloride on immune functions was evaluated. Two parameters of cellular immunity, proliferation and mRNA cytokine expression of interleukin-2, -4, and transforming growth factor , were investigated in harbor seal lymphocytes after in vitro exposure to Hg compounds. While all Hg compounds had a suppressive e ect on proliferation, di erences between juvenile and adult seals were found. Lymphocytes from juveniles showed a higher susceptibility to the toxic e ect compared to lymphocytes from adults. Furthermore, the degree of inhibition of proliferation varied among the four Hg compounds. The organic compounds seem to be more immunotoxic than the inorganic compound. Finally, for the cytokine expression of methylmercury-incubated lymphocytes, timedependent changes were observed, but no dose-dependency was found. Marine mammals of the North Sea are burdened with Hg, and lymphocytes of harbor seals may be functionally impaired by this metal. The present in vitro study provides baseline information for future studies on the immunotoxic e ects of Hg on cellular immunity of harbor seals.     

比较中审视:豫皖苏黄泛区问题研究现状与展望

豫皖苏黄泛区作为黄河距今最近的一次大泛滥产物,对此问题的研究一波三折,先后经历不同时期的低谷与高潮。至今的研究成果主要表现出四个特点：一是研究成果日益丰硕;二是研究领域渐趋平衡;三是创新研究有待加强;四是比较研究稍显不足。同时,在研究黄泛区问题时存在不同程度的理论缺失现象,理论的缺失限制了研究者们的视野和研究的进一步深入。而史料的匮乏也束缚了学者们的手脚,因此,继续挖掘史料成当务之急。研究视角的转换与多学科之间的交流还要进一步加强。     

黄河上中游沉积物理化特征及磷赋存形态研究

对黄河上中游10个沉积物样品进行了理化性质及磷赋存形态分析,在此基础上探讨了沉积物各理化性质与磷赋存形态间的相关关系.结果表明,黄河上中游表层沉积物的总磷含量为97.86～129.33 mg·kg^-1,有机质总量为0.11%～1.96%,沉积物中活性态Fe和Al的含量分别为2.02～7.40 mg·g^-1和0.29～0.90 mg·g^-1;颗粒组成以粉砂级为主,主要矿物组成为石英和长石,粘土矿物以伊利石/蒙混层矿物为主,其次是伊利石、绿泥石和高岭石;磷的形态以无机磷为主,钙结合态P的含量为37.61～64.04 mg·kg^-1,是沉积物中的主要赋存形态.沉积物理化性质中阳离子交换量与沉积物中粘粒和粉砂粒总量表现正相关（R²=0.76）;沉积物的有机质总量与沉积物中的无机磷存在一定的线性关系（R²=0.66）;氧化还原敏感态P和金属(水合)氧化物结合态P含量的总和与活性态Fe和Al的(水合)氧化物的含量总和之间有显著的线性关系（R²=0.80）.     

Water input requirements of the rapidly shrinking Dead Sea

The deepest point on Earth, the Dead Sea level, has been dropping alarmingly since 1978 by 0.7 m/a on average due to the accelerating water consumption in the Jordan catchment and stood in 2008 at 420 m below sea level. In this study, a terrain model of the surface area and water volume of the Dead Sea was developed from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data using ArcGIS. The model shows that the lake shrinks on average by 4 km²/a in area and by 0.47 km³/a in volume, amounting to a cumulative loss of 14 km³ in the last 30 years. The receding level leaves almost annually erosional terraces, recorded here for the first time by Differential Global Positioning System field surveys. The terrace altitudes were correlated among the different profiles and dated to specific years of the lake level regression, illustrating the tight correlation between the morphology of the terrace sequence and the receding lake level. Our volume-level model described here and previous work on groundwater inflow suggest that the projected Dead Sea–Red Sea channel or the Mediterranean–Dead Sea channel must have a carrying capacity of >0.9 km³/a in order to slowly re-fill the lake to its former level and to create a sustainable system of electricity generation and freshwater production by desalinization. Moreover, such a channel will maintain tourism and potash industry on both sides of the Dead Sea and reduce the natural hazard caused by the recession.     

东海西湖凹陷区溢油行为数值模拟

研究东中国海中日共同开发区附近海域溢油污染的问题,在模拟水动力场的基础上模拟了海上溢油漂移扩散情况。在表层流场和风场的作用下漂移,而油膜的扩展则通过油粒子的随机走动来实现。本文以东海西湖凹陷原油为溢油油种,通过模拟分析不同季节和不同风况下的溢油事故,对溢油油膜的扫海范围进行了分析。     

秋季黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地系统CH4通量特征及影响因素研究

2009年秋季(9、10月),运用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地系统的CH4排放通量进行了观测,并对影响CH4通量特征的关键因子进行了识别.结果表明,在空间上,秋季高潮滩、中潮滩、低潮滩和光滩的CH4通量范围分别为-0.206～1.264、-0.197～0.431、-0.125～0.659、-0.742～1.767 mg.(m2.h)-1,均值为0.089、0.038、0.197和0.169mg.(m2.h)-1,均表现为CH4排放源,但源功能整体表现为低潮滩>光滩>高潮滩>中潮滩;在时间上,9、10月的CH4排放通量范围分别为-0.444～1.767、-0.742～1.264 mg.(m2.h)-1,均值为0.218、0.028 mg.(m2.h)-1,除9月高潮滩表现为CH4弱汇外,其它潮滩的CH4通量均明显高于10月.研究发现,黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地环境因素变化比较复杂,CH4排放通量受多重因素控制.不同潮滩湿地在9、10月CH4排放通量的差异可能主要与温度(特别是气温)以及植被生长状况的差异有关,而水盐条件和潮汐状况对潮滩湿地系统CH4通量特征的影响也不容忽视.