非线性时序法在城市大气污染预测中的应用

建立城市大气污染预测模型是治理城市大气污染的重要工作。在简述时间序列方法基本原理的基础上，分析了系数为变量的自回归滑动平均（ARMA）模型、截断ARMA模型，和残差为自回归综合滑动平均（ARIMA）的半参数方法等城市大气污染预测模型。以法国某城市为例，分别采用AR模型和系数为变量的AR模型对大气污染进行了预测。通过比较预测结果可知，基于非线性时间序列方法的城市大气污染预测模型可以提高预测精度，降低预测误差。     

老山自行车馆多点输入下地震响应及强度破坏分析

采用时程分析法分别对奥运会老山自行车馆进行了多点和一致输入下的弹塑性地震响应和强度破坏分析。首先对两种输入方式下的结构响应进行了系统的对比,然后通过对极限加速度峰值、最大节点位移时程、塑性杆件数量和分布及网壳破坏形态等重要参数的统计、分析和归纳,剖析了奥运会老山自行车馆在多点输入和一致输入下的地震响应规律和强度破坏机理。研究表明,在强震作用下,多点输入下支承附近区域的杆件应力大于一致输入,这提示我们应注意该区域杆件的设计;无论是多点输入还是一致输入,结构强度破坏的位移模式都是溢出型;多点输入下结构的塑性开展更为充分,内力更为均匀。     

我国能源消费与环境质量变化的关联分析

本文对我国1990-2004年能源消费与环境质量的变化态势以及二者之间关系的实证分析结果表明：我国能源消费与整体环境质量变化和局部环境质量有着高度的相关性；环境质量的改善不能仅依靠环境保护来实现，还应考虑能源消费的发展变化和影响。     

河南省洪涝灾害时间序列的分形特征与R/S分析

基于河南省1000~1999年的洪涝灾害统计资料,运用分形理论对河南省洪涝灾害的时间序列特征进行分析,发现河南省洪涝灾害发生时间序列的分步呈现出明显的分形特征,其分形维数为0.517,同严格意义上的数学分形Cantor集合相比分维数较小,说明河南省洪涝灾害发生发展的自组织程度还有进一步发展的趋势,其危害程度将可能进一步提高;在河南省洪涝灾害发生时间序列的分形特征的基础上,通过R/S分析,得出该省洪涝灾害发生时间序列的H指数为0.580,说明河南省洪涝灾害具有长期相关性,且未来的洪涝灾害发生的次数具有不断增加的趋势。     

Mathematical Model on Flow Regime and Water Harvesting in Inundation Plains1

Abstract: A mathematical model on flow regime and water harvesting in inundation plains is presented. The flow profile is a free over‐fall at the end of the desired inundation. The flow front in the plain is on‐line for the entire coverage, in a sense that there is initiation of flow mass after each small reach of the flow traverse, and it is continuing to the extreme point of coverage. The water‐harvesting phenomenon depends upon the occurrences of the hydrologic events, the nature of surface flows in the valley, the expected favorable time of flood incidence, and the soil characteristics of the plains. The model has been tested for three micro‐watersheds of different soil characteristics. It is best suited to platykurtic nature of flood phenomenon in the study area, with the correlation co‐efficient in‐between computed and observed amount of water harvesting above 0.90.     

GIS Methodology for Quantifying Channel Change in Las Vegas,Nevada1

Abstract:  This study applies spatial analyses to examine the consequences of accelerated urban expansion on a hydrologic system over a period of 24 years. Three sets of historical aerial photos are used in a GIS analysis to document the geomorphic history of Las Vegas Wash, which drains the rapidly growing Las Vegas urban area in southern Nevada. New spatial techniques are introduced to make quantitative measurements of the erosion at three specific time intervals in the hydrologic evolution of the channel and floodplain. Unlike other erosion studies that use two different elevation surfaces to assess erosion, this study used a single elevation surface to remove systematic and nonsystemic elevation errors. The spatial analysis quantifies channel changes for discrete time periods, calculates erosion volumes, and provides a foundation to examine how the specific mechanisms related to urban expansion have affected Las Vegas Wash. The erosion calculated over 24 years is the largest documented sediment loss attributed to the effect of rapid urban growth.     

中国安全经济贡献率的计量分析

安全经济贡献率的准确计算对于指导国家安全投入力度和宏观安全决策起着重要作用。为了准确计算中国安全生产对经济的贡献率,以弥补以往经验取值方法的局限,笔者通过建立计量经济学模型,获得了精确的安全产出与安全投入的函数关系,并得出我国安全生产规模报酬递增的结论。在此基础上又建立时间序列模型,预测出我国2005年的安全经济贡献率为3.01%,安全投入产出比为1.00∶1.81。从预测结果来看,计量模型收到了满意的结果,对国家宏观安全决策具有一定的指导意义。     

城市空气SO2浓度时间序列的混沌特征

针对我国西北地区某燃煤型城市2002年1月1日至3月31日SO2小时浓度的时间序列资料，应用混沌重构相空间理论和分形理论，探讨了不同嵌入维下时间序列关联维的变化规律，并计算了该时间序列的Kolmogorov熵和最大Lyapunov指数。结果表明，该时间序列是一混沌时间序列，其最大预测时间为19h。     

EVALUATION OF NEXRAD STAGE III PRECIPITATION DATA OVER A SEMIARID REGION1

This study examines NEXRAD Stage III product (hourly, cell size 4 km by 4 km) for its ability in estimating precipitation in central New Mexico, a semiarid area. A comparison between Stage III and a network of gauge precipitation estimates during 1995 to 2001 indicates that Stage III (1) overestimates the hourly conditional mean (CM) precipitation by 33 percent in the monsoon season and 55 percent in the nonmonsoon season; (2) overestimates the hourly CM precipitation for concurrent radar‐gauge pairs (nonzero value) by 13 percent in the monsoon season and 6 percent in the nonmonsoon season; (3) overestimates the seasonal precipitation accumulation by 11 to 88 percent in monsoon season and underestimates by 18 to 89 percent in the nonmonsoon season; and (4) either overestimates annual precipitation accumulation up to 28.2 percent or underestimates it up to 11.9 percent. A truncation of 57 to 72 percent of the total rainfall hours is observed in the Stage III data in the nonmonsoon season, which may be the main cause for both the underestimation of the radar rainfall accumulation and the lower conditional probability of radar rainfall detection in the nonmonsoon season. The study results indicate that the truncation caused loss of small rainfall amounts (events) is not effectively corrected by the real‐time rain gauge calibration that can adjust the rainfall rates but cannot recover the truncated small rainfall events. However, the truncation error in the monsoon season may be suppressed due to the larger rainfall rate and/or combined effect of overestimates by bright band and hail contaminations, virga, advection, etc. In general, improvement in NEXRAD performance since the monsoon season in 1998 is observed, which is consistent with the systematic improvement in the NEXRAD network.     

关于地铁列车火灾人员疏散问题的几点讨论

针对地铁车站火灾人员疏散时间计算方法的问题,比较研究国内现行《地铁设计规范》(GB50157—2003)和美国专门针对有轨交通系统的NFPA130标准的异同,其结果说明:国内设计规范关于人员疏散时间的计算方法存在不足;对区间隧道内列车着火的情况进行分析讨论,指出对列车在区间隧道内着火,且还能继续运行的情况,着火列车的运行速度对火势的发展以及人员疏散时间的影响是不可忽视的。