气相色谱法测定废气中非甲烷总烃的标准气体选择

气相色谱法测定废气中非甲烷总烃,国内外相关标准选用的标准气体各不相同,通过试验考察各标准气体对测定的影响,并比对相关文献信息。结果表明:甲烷和丙烷(浓度以碳计)在填充柱气相色谱仪和毛细管柱气相色谱仪FID检测器上的响应无明显差异,而采用甲烷作为标准气体,分析时间短,工作效率高。     

催化分光加入标准法测定复杂基体水样中痕量汞的研究

采用催化分光标准加入法测定复杂组分水样中痕量Hg^2＋,线性范围为3．0×10^-3mg／L-8．0×10^-2mg／L,加标回收率为96．7％～103％,相对标准偏差为0．2％。该方法设备简单,操作简便可行,灵敏度、准确度高。     

Octyl and nonylphenol ethoxylates and carboxylates in wastewater and sediments by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

This work presents an LC–MS–MS-based method for the quantitation of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) and octylphenol ethoxylates (OPEOs) in water, sediment, and suspended particulate matter, and three of their carboxylated derivatives in water. The alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) were analyzed using isotope dilution mass spectrometry with [¹³C₆]-labeled analogues, whereas the carboxylated derivatives were determined by external standard quantitation followed by confirmation using standard additions. The method was used to study APEO’s behavior in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), where total dissolved NP0-16EO concentration was reduced by approximately 99% from influent (390 μg l⁻¹) to final effluent (4 μg l⁻¹), and total OP0-5EO concentration decreased by 94% from 3.1 to 0.2 μg l⁻¹. In contrast, the carboxylated derivatives were formed during the process with NP0-1EC concentrations increasing from 1.4 to 24 μg l⁻¹. Short-chain APEOs were present in higher proportions in particulate matter, presumably due to greater affinity for solids compared to the long-chain homologues. NP (0.49 μg l⁻¹) and NP0-1EC (4.8 μg l⁻¹) were the only APEO-related compounds detected in a surface water sample from a WWTP-impacted estuary; implying that 90% of the mass was in the form of carboxylated derivatives. Sediment analysis showed nonylphenol to be the single most abundant compound in sediments from the Baltimore Harbor area, where differences in homologue distribution suggested the presence of treated effluent in some of the sites and non-treated sources in the rest.     

风速资料在大型工程中的应用和订正方法

针对大型工程设计和工程气象专题评估对风速资料的特殊要求,探讨适合工程应用的气象站观测风资料和工程现场短期风观测资料的订正方法。根据多个工程现场和气象站的同步风对比观测试验结果及其在工程设计中的实际应用效果,提出在工程应用气象站的风速资料时,进行距地高度、下垫面影响以及时距订正是必要的;不同工程2 min/10 min不同时距风速订正系数和阵风系数应根据现场环境测定,其值与建筑荷载规范推荐的气象站取值有明显差异;对工程现场的长年风速资料外推重构时,根据现场短期观测结果,在对邻近气象站长年历史资料采用均一性t检验法和比值法订正差异显著年份的记录后,利用数理方法重建的结果较好。     

Conservation of biodiversity through taxonomy,data publication,and collaborative infrastructures

Taxonomy is the foundation of biodiversity science because it furthers discovery of new species. Globally, there have never been so many people involved in naming species new to science. The number of new marine species described per decade has never been greater. Nevertheless, it is estimated that tens of thousands of marine species, and hundreds of thousands of terrestrial species, are yet to be discovered; many of which may already be in specimen collections. However, naming species is only a first step in documenting knowledge about their biology, biogeography, and ecology. Considering the threats to biodiversity, new knowledge of existing species and discovery of undescribed species and their subsequent study are urgently required. To accelerate this research, we recommend, and cite examples of, more and better communication: use of collaborative online databases; easier access to knowledge and specimens; production of taxonomic revisions and species identification guides; engagement of nonspecialists; and international collaboration. “Data‐sharing” should be abandoned in favor of mandated data publication by the conservation science community. Such a step requires support from peer reviewers, editors, journals, and conservation organizations. Online data publication infrastructures (e.g., Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Ocean Biogeographic Information System) illustrate gaps in biodiversity sampling and may provide common ground for long‐term international collaboration between scientists and conservation organizations.     

我国水污染物排放标准体系调整的比较探讨

从我国水污染物排放标准现状出发，分析其结构特点，剖析了现行排放标准执行过程中的若干问题，并与美国水污染物排放标准体系进行比较，提出适应我国21世纪环境管理需要的水污染物排放标准体系调整的基本设想。主要包括：水污染物排放标准建立在经济可行的技术基础上，脱离与功能区对应的关系，采用吨产品排放限值，缩小综合排放标准扩大行业排放标准，逐步按工艺、产品种类制定排放标准。     

单孔旋转布水器的设计与计算

在传统布水器的基础上 ,提出了新的单孔旋转布水器 ,建立了相应的等效模型 ,推导出布水器设计计算公式 ,并进行必要的修正以满足实际要求     

关于卫生防护距离问题的探讨

本文通过水泥厂粉尘卫生防护距离的计算实例，比较、分析了国标推荐的两种计算方法的结果．表明ＧＢ／Ｔ１３２０１－９１计算较ＧＢ３８４０－８３结果偏高．进一步分析说明，ＧＢ３８４０－８３方法缺点在于当污染源等效半径超过２００ｍ时，缺少最大防护距离与规化源强间的对应数据．而ＧＢ／Ｔ１３２０１－９１方法的缺点在于未考虑污染源与居住区的空间关系．     

矿井水中微量油测试的几个问题探讨

矿井水中的油由于含量较低且水质特殊，一般较难测准。本文提出了在测试矿井水中微量油时存在的一些问题，如分析方法的选择、标准油、空白水样及水中悬浮物对测试结果的影响等，并提出了解决这些问题的措施。     

对等效声级Leq不小于L10可能性的讨论

本文针对噪声实际监测中出现等效声级Leq大于或等于累积百分比声级L1 0 可能性的不同情况 ,通过理论与实际相结合 ,阐述了等效声级Leq大于或等于累积百分比声级L1 0 的可能性及其相互之间的关系