南太湖地区湖州市大气PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃的研究——污染现状和人体暴露健康风险评价

运用智能综合大气采样仪采集了南太湖地区湖州市大气PM 10和PM 2.5样品,采用高效液相色谱检测了该样品中16种多环芳烃化合物,通过苯并(a)芘(Ba P)致癌等效浓度、人群终身超额致癌风险和预期寿命损失等指标,评价湖州市大气PM2.5中多环芳烃的人群健康风险。结果表明:全市大气PM 2.5中多环芳烃全年总平均浓度为11.59 ng/m 3,季平均浓度范围在4.775~23.98 ng/m3之间,季节之间呈现一定的变化,冬季秋季春季夏季;全市大气PM 2.5中多环芳烃的苯并(a)芘总致癌等效浓度(TEQ)年均值为1.138 ng/m3,污染所致的成人和儿童的终身超额致癌风险分别为8.7×10-6和6.0×10-6,成人的预期寿命损失为44.5 min。     

江苏省水环境管理政策法规现状及对策研究

江苏省正在实施的水环境相关政策法规共计40余项,对改善江苏省水环境质量起到直接推动作用.在研究江苏省水环境管理政策法规现状的基础上,分析其在河道管理与水环境区域补偿等方面的经验,同时分析了其在水环境管理体系建设、政策评估以及水生态保护等方面存在的不足.最后,结合发达国家在水环境管理政策法规方面的经验,提出了江苏省水环境管理政策法规的完善建议,以期为江苏省水环境管理提供借鉴和参考.     

黄河三角洲生态现状及保护对策

在分析黄河三角洲生态现状和特点的基础上 ,阐述了黄河三角洲存在的生态问题 ,并提出了生态保护对策     

CORRELATION OF COPROSTANOL TO ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN COASTAL AND ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS OF THE U.S.1

ABSTRACT: Results from the National Status and Trends Program, a nationwide effort to evaluate U.S. coastal and estuarine environmental quality, are analyzed to provide information about regional sources of organic contaminants in the benthic environment. Spearman's rank correlation procedure is applied to measurements of coprostanol, a chemical tracer of sewage, and three classes of organic compounds in sediments. The results suggest that discharges from publicly owned treatment works are responsible for concentrations of the organic compounds encountered in the northeastern coastal region, while other sources may predominate in the other regions of the country.     

Water-Quality Monitoring and Biological Integrity Assessment in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida: Status, Trends, and Loadings (1988–1994)

a production in the central, south central, and the south segments of the lagoon. In a system as large and complex as the lagoon, N and P limitations are potentially subject to significant spatial and temporal variability. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TN) was higher in the north (1.25 mg/liter) and lower in the south (0.89 mg/liter). The reverse pattern was observed for total P (TP), i.e., lowest in the north (0.03 mg/liter) and highest at the south (0.14 mg/liter) ends of the IRL. This increased P concentration in the SIRL appears to have a significantly large effect on chlorophyll a production compared with the other segments, as indicated by stepwise regression statistics. This relationship can be expressed as follows: South IRL [chlorophyll a] =−8.52 + 162.41 [orthophosphate] + 7.86 [total nitrogen] + 0.38 [turbidity]; R ²= 0.98**.     

我国采煤塌陷地复垦的现状、问题和原因分析

分析了我国采煤塌陷地复垦的现状,并对我国采煤塌陷地复垦进行了问题分析。在此基础上,对产生这些问题的原因进行了分析,结果表明：当前我国土地复垦的配套法律、法规不健全,缺乏有效的复垦组织模式,复垦费机制存在着不少弊端,复垦理论研究滞后是我国采煤塌陷地复垦存在问题的主要原因。因此,制定专门的、全国的矿地复垦法,推行科学的复垦保证金制度是解决这些问题的重要措施。     

Relative importance of multiple plumage ornaments as status signals in golden whistlers (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pachycephala pectoralis</Emphasis>)

Status signals are traits that advertise an individual’s competitive abilities to conspecifics during aggressive disputes. Most studies of status signals in birds have focussed on melanin-based plumage signals, but recent research shows that carotenoid-based signals may also play a role in aggressive signaling. We assessed the relative importance of melanin- and carotenoid-based plumage patches as agonistic signals in a small passerine, the golden whistler (Pachycephala pectoralis). Display signals in male golden whistlers include an unpigmented white throat patch, a carotenoid-based yellow breast and nape band, and a melanin-based black chin-stripe. We found that only the white throat patch was correlated with contest-related attributes. Males possessing large throat patches defended larger territories and commenced breeding earlier. When caged males with either experimentally reduced, or unmanipulated throat patches were presented to conspecifics, those with experimentally reduced patches attracted less aggression from male subjects. Focal males also responded faster to caged males with throat patches similar in size to their own, suggesting that they may assess relative throat patch size before engaging in aggressive encounters. Females did not discriminate between “reduced” or “control” treatments. Our data strongly suggest that only the unpigmented throat patch functions as a status signal. As this signal is unlikely to have significant development costs, honesty may be maintained through social costs.     

福建省环境监测质量保证与质量控制现状及任务

通过实验室质量体系的建立与运行、计量认证、人员培训与持证上岗、制定监测技术规范、质量控制考核五个方面阐述了全省环境监测质量保证与质量控制工作的现状,并提出今后全省环境监测质量保证与质量控制工作的任务。     

乌鲁木齐地区主要湖泊富营养化现状

根据“七五”期间全国14个城市湖泊富营养化调查拟定和筛选出的总氮、总磷、生化耗氧量、透明度和叶绿素a的含量五个评价参数,用评分法对我区三个主要湖(库)富营养化现状进行评价.柴窝堡湖和红岩水库已达富营养水平,乌拉泊水库达中营养水平.     

我国环境标准的现状及完善对策

对我国环境标准的现状和存在的问题作了较为系统的分析，提出了七点完善我国环境标准制度对策的建议。