“工业强省”战略下贵州省产业结构合理化与高度化分析

本文结合贵州省＂加速发展、加快转型、推动跨越＂的主基调、＂工业强省＂和＂城镇化＂两大战略的基本精神,在研究近年贵州省相关统计数据的基础上,分析了我省产业结构的合理化、高度化及产业结构效益,提出了现阶段调整产业结构的对策建议,以期为政府提供政策参考。     

沈阳市浑南新区发展循环经济可行性探讨

浑南新区拟用循环经济和生态工业的理论建设生态工业园区,为切实做好新区创建环保样板城循环经济试点工作,将发展循环经济的观念注入全区经济结构调整和产业转型之中,从根本上解决浑南新区在发展过程中遇到的经济增长与资源环境之间的尖锐矛盾,协调社会经济与资源环境的发展。以园区内主导优势产业的物质、能量的资源化利用为基础,以生态产业链为主线建立园区的生态工业,在经济结构战略性调整中大力推进循环经济。     

厌氧氨氧化微生物研究进展

厌氧氨氧化技术是近年来发展起来的新型生物脱氯技术。在这一过程中主要作用细菌是厌氧氨氧化菌。目前越来越多的学者开始研究厌氧氨氧化菌,这对于厌氧氨氧化技术发展与推广具有重要的意义。文章从目前厌氧氨氧化菌研究进展的角度,综述了目前发现的厌氧氨氧化菌种类,结构和部分结构的功能。以期待对工艺控制有所帮助。     

Numerical simulation and experimental study on metallographic structure characteristics of melting trace caused by overcurrent fault of copper wire

The microscopic characteristics of melting trace caused by copper wire fault are an important basis for the physical evidence identification of electrical fires. Metallography is an important method in electrical fire research, and computer-aided quantitative analysis on metallographic structure is common in materials aspect. In this study, the metallographic structure and phase composition characteristics of melting trace caused by overcurrent fault were explored with the aid of a metallographic microscope and an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results show that the grains are mainly slender dendritic and columnar crystals when the current is 128 A, while they are coarse dendritic and cellular crystals when the current is greater than 192 A; the average grain diameter of melting trace of copper wire grows with the increase in current. The main phases of melting trace caused by overcurrent fault of copper wire are α-Cu base and Cu₂O, and the new phases Cu₄Si and Cu₂Mg are formed when the current is higher than 160 A. In addition, the solidification process of metallographic structure of copper wire under different currents was simulated by the Procast software. It is found that the simulation results are basically in agreement with the experimental data, which suggests that this model can effectively predict the microstructure characteristics of melting trace of copper wire under different currents. The research results can provide a sound basis for the physical evidence identification of electrical fire and improve the accuracy and scientificity of electrical fire investigation.     

人口结构变化影响下的城镇建筑能耗研究

从人口的家庭结构、年龄结构、城乡结构变化的角度对城镇建筑能耗的变化进行了分析.根据测算,2010~2030年,中国20~39岁的人口从4.46亿下降到3.28亿,减少约1.18亿;2030年全国的平均家庭规模从3.10人下降到2.48人,全国家庭数量将突破5.5亿户;按照现有模式发展,2030年城市化率达到64.2%.人口结构变化的影响下,2020年的城镇建筑需求总面积为3.14′1010m2,人均住宅面积为37m2,建筑能耗达到1.72′109tce;2030年的建筑需求总面积为3.84′1010m2,人均住宅面积为42m2,能耗为2.13′109tce. 从需求角度看,未来建筑规模的增长速度将逐步放缓.如果不能及时调整发展战略,未来会出现较大规模的住宅空置和资源浪费.     

碱回收锅炉结构特点及安全性控制

碱回收锅炉是碱法和硫酸盐法造纸工艺的关键设备,我国现阶段碱回收炉均采用自然循环敷管炉墙全钢架吊挂结构,炉膛采用鳍片水冷壁、全密封焊接而成。通过对碱回收锅炉结构及运行特点进行分析,结合实际介绍了碱回收炉设计制造、安装过程、监督检验过程提高安全性的一些强化措施,并指出了在安装和检验过程应重点关注的一些问题。     

中国环境管理行政机构设置分析

简要论述了环境管理是国家的一项基本职能,并将中国环境管理机构的发展划分为四个阶段,指出加强区域(流域)环境管理机构建设是今后中国环境管理机构改革的重点。     

大气颗粒物的形态、成分分布的透射电镜、X-射线衍射研究

本文利用透射电镜和X-射线衍射技术,对酸雨危害较为严重的重庆市市区大气颗粒物样品进行了较力细致的研究工作。通过对大气飘尘的表面状态、元素组成以及其结合形态的研究,发现粒度较小的球状颗粒物及粗柱状矿物飘尘对酸雨形成影响较大。同时,本文还对酸雨的形成机理进行了一些探讨。      

Methidathion Complexes with Homoionic and Surfactant-Modified Montmorillonites

Abstract

The formation of the insecticide methidathion (S-[(5-methoxy-2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3(2H)-yl)methyl] O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate) complexes with inorganic cation-saturated (Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Ni²⁺) montmorillonites was investigated. The nature and structure of the complexes was determined by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The arrangement of the pesticide molecule in the interlayer space was also considered from ab initio calculations using simpler related molecules. The insecticide methidathion penetrated the interlayer spaces of the homoionic clay samples. The ligand–cation interactions in these complexes depend on the nature and characteristics of the saturating cations. Mechanisms involving water bridges and direct coordination with the exchange cation were proposed for the adsorption of methidathion by inorganic cation-saturated montmorillonites. The effect of the inorganic cations on the sorption of the cationic surfactant tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDTMA) by montmorillonite was also studied and the subsequent sorption of methidathion in TDTMA⁺-Montmorillonite determined. Van der Waals bonds constitute the methidathion adsorption mechanism by montmorillonite saturated with TDTMA⁺. The arrangements of methidathion and of the cationic surfactant molecules in the montmorillonite interlayer space were demostrated.     

常州市扁担河桥断面水质提升方案研究

河流断面水质受到多种因素的影响,当前区域水环境整治方案的制定常常只是笼统地从工业、农业、生活污染控制方面提出一些措施,实际工作中缺乏有针对性的水质提升方案。以常州市扁担河桥断面为研究对象,在污染构成测算和削减目标计算的基础上,制定系统的、切实可行的水质提升方案,并对方案的可达性进行对比分析。通过测算2012年扁担河桥断面需要削减氨氮为59.45t/a,通过水质提升方案的实施,形成削减能力氨氮64.2t/a。