吸气式感烟火灾探测系统采样管网模拟仿真

通过对吸气式感烟火灾探测系统采样管网进行流体力学分析,建立了采样管网系统力学数学模型,采用了面向对象的编程技术,编制了工程管网设计模拟仿真软件,实现各采样点的探测灵敏度及探测响应时间的计算和对采样孔径的优化调整,在实际应用中取得良好效果。     

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SELECFING INPUTS TO A BASIN SCALE MODEL1

ABSTRACT: Common constraints in using existing mathematical models are the lack of appropriate input data and inadequate time and money to perform the modeling. A decision support system was developed to aid in selecting inputs to a basin scale soil and water resources model. The system prompts users for input values and formats them in the model input file. The system also accesses large data bases, interfaces with expert systems, gives explanations, suggests default values, and provides graphics. Technology transfer will be enhanced by decreasing the time and money spent during model use and increasing user confidence in the model.     

DomPrevPlanning: User-friendly software for planning domino effects prevention

Chains of accidents, in literature generally referred to as domino effects, knock-on effects, cascade effects or escalation effects occur very infrequently but with disastrous consequences. There exist very few software packages to study such domino accidents in complex industrial areas and to forecast potential catastrophes caused by secondary order (involving a sequence of three installations submitted to two consecutive accidents), tertiary order or even higher order accidents. Moreover, available domino software focuses on risk assessment and on consequence assessment. None of these toolkits specifically addresses the prioritization of installation sequences in an industrial area in order to facilitate objective prevention decisions about domino effects. This paper describes the application of a new computer-automated tool designed to support decision-making on preventive and protective measures to alleviate domino effects in a complex surrounding of chemical installations. Using a holistic approach and thus looking at the entire industrial area as a whole, all sequences of three installations in the area are ranked according to their danger contribution to domino effects. An example of a cluster of chemical plants demonstrates the level of qualitative and quantitative input data required. The example is also used to explain the toolkit results, as well as the surplus value and the benefits for company safety managers and regulators.     

炼油企业含硫烃类废气吸收模拟与设计

研究了炼油企业含硫烃类废气的吸收试验效果,并采用pro／Ⅱ软件对其结果及吸收最优条件进行了模拟。结果表明,模拟结果与试验结果相吻合,在炼油企业,采用柴油吸收含硫烃类废气,在温度21℃,液气比50L／m^3,采用金属鲍尔环填料条件下,可使含硫烃类废气中烃类去除率大于95.2％,有机硫DMDS的去除率可达100％。     

污水处理厂原始数据可靠性评价方法

利用生物营养物去除（BNR）实验室试验系统,建立了物料平衡关系矩阵,并借助于Macrobal软件对原始运行数据进行深入检查和可靠性评估.结果表明,物料平衡检查过程不仅能发现并修正测量中隐藏的大误差,准确地确定污泥龄（SRT）;此外,还能得出COD的氧化量（OCCOD）、硝化量（Qnitr）、反硝化量（Qdeni）及氧的净消耗量（OCnet）等开放平衡数据.其中,准确的污泥龄(SRT)是获得良好模拟预测效果的关键,反硝化量（Qdeni）将为反硝化过程的校正提供可靠依据,氧的净消耗量（OCnet）可用于模型校正的最终检验过程.     

基于.NET自然环境试验管理系统的设计与实现

针对自然环境试验站日常管理中面临的问题,基于．NET技术建立了B／S结构的自然环境试验站管理系统。该系统由试验过程管理和历史数据管理两部分组成,采用C#语言编制,界面为Windows传统风格,简洁友好,操作方便。该系统可有效提高试验站管理水平,实现高效、精细化的管理目标。     

可靠性工程中自然环境条件量化分析数据库构想

在可靠性工程应用中,基于失效物理的分析过程需要引入自然环境数据进行仿真计算.首先对比分析了现有自然环境数据库,明确了新开发的数据库的需求与特点;然后提出了在自然环境条件量化分析数据库研发过程中的关键技术;最后,通过一个应用算例演示数据库的运行过程.该数据库目前已具备一定的通用分析能力和工程应用价值.     

基于能力谱的地震建筑破坏造成人员伤亡评估

为准确计算地震导致的人员伤亡数量,提高灾后应急保障及救援效率,根据能力谱方法计算建筑物的损坏程度,在此基础上计算相应人员伤亡数量。采用SELENA软件中能力谱方法的计算公式,利用Matlab软件编程得到建筑物破坏及人员伤亡计算程序,计算8度地震条件下建筑物不同破坏状态的概率。根据HAZUS软件中建筑物破坏和人员伤亡关系,计算地震发生在02∶00,14∶00和17∶00时不同伤亡等级的伤亡人数。计算结果表明,多数伤者为轻伤,只需基本药物及简单治疗;地震导致的钢筋混凝土建筑破坏是造成人员伤亡的主要原因;能力谱方法可为震后物质配置及震前防灾规划提供决策支持。     

质子交换膜燃料电池电站多米诺事故概率和风险研究*

为探究氢能电站火灾爆炸事故发展规律,采用多米诺效应对电站进行事故概率和风险研究,建立氢能电站多米诺效应定量风险分析模型。基于设备受损概率模型与多米诺理论基础,提出氢能电站多米诺效应概率计算方法,并将方法运用到实际案例,结合SAFETI软件对具体多米诺事故场景进行定量计算。研究结果表明:氢能电站易发生多米诺事故,考虑一级多米诺效应后人员潜在死亡概率增加56%。研究结果可为制定氢能电站安全防控措施以及降低火灾爆炸事故对人员和设备的危害提供依据。     

Certification of Highly Complex Safety-Related Systems

The BIA has now 15 years of experience with the certification of complex electronic systems for safety-related applications in the machinery sector. Using the example of machining centres, this presentation will show the systematic procedure for verifying and validating control systems using Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) and microcomputers for safety functions.

One section will describe the control structure of machining centres with control systems using “ integrated safety.” A diverse redundant architecture combined with crossmonitoring and forced dynamisation is explained. In the main section the steps of the systematic certification procedure are explained showing some results of the certification of drilling machines. Specification reviews, design reviews with test case specification, statistical analysis, and walk-throughs are the analytical measures in the testing process. Systematic tests based on the test case specification, Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) and environmental testing, and site acceptance tests on the machines are the testing measures for validation.

A complex software driven system is always undergoing modification. Most of the changes are not safety-relevant but this has to be proven. A systematic procedure for certifying software modifications is presented in the last section of the paper.