基于MCLP-BACOP模型的城市消防站选址研究

为提高消防站规划选址的科学性,合理调度有限的消防应急资源,提升消防应急响应效率,以湖北省某城市中心城区为研究对象,在火灾风险评估基础上,对消防站选址模型进行优化研究,构建了MCLP-BACOP结合覆盖模型并借助ArcGIS软件对模型进行优化求解。研究结果表明：通过MCLP-BACOP结合覆盖模型计算得到的中心城区消防站选址方案在对覆盖率影响较小的情况下,可以减少消防站数量并降低成本,同时能保证高风险区重复覆盖。该模型对于火灾风险较大的城区适用性强,在考虑经济因素及现实条件下,可有效提升城区消防响应效率。     

Safety performance measurement in collectivized oil companies in China: Contribution of leading indicators to lagging indicators

With the collectivization of the Chinese oil industry, oil companies have been expanding in size. However, the intensified differences in the safety performance of subsidiaries have severely hindered the collaborative management of the headquarters. Understanding the safety status of each member is urgent for parent companies and their subsidiaries to identify gaps and make improvements. A unified set of safety performance indicators and a practical measurement tool are essential for the Chinese oil industry. Hence, this study identified a set of safety performance indicators encompassing both leading and lagging indicators using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and entropy weight method (EWM) to reveal the critical factors affecting the safety performance of the oil industry. A total of 300 front-line workers from eight subsidiaries of an oil company participated in the survey. The identified indicators were preliminarily weighted using EWM. Then, DEA was employed to measure the safety performance of the eight subsidiaries, demonstrating that management commitment was the most crucial factor in distinguishing safety performance; safety culture was more differentiated than risk management. Safety performance was not entirely positively correlated with safety investments, but the reasonable allocation of safety resources played a vital role. In addition, the weaknesses in each subsidiary's safety management were identified, and the quantitative effects of each leading indicator on safety performance were obtained.     

市政污水检查井可燃气体组分及分布影响因素研究

为研究市政污水管网内主要可燃气体成分与分布,以实现其燃爆灾害的精准防控,本文采用现场检测的方法采集污水检查井内甲烷、氢气等5种可燃气体以及总的可燃气体浓度,统计分析污水管网各可燃气体的浓度范围,研究检查井深度和季节对甲烷浓度分布的影响。研究结果表明:污水检查井内甲烷浓度占比较大,一氧化碳、硫化氢、氢气和氨气所占比例较小;沿检查井深度方向,甲烷分布规律不尽相同,大部分检查井内甲烷随着与井口距离的增大呈逐渐增大变化趋势;季节对甲烷浓度变化影响较大,夏秋两季甲烷浓度较高,春季次之,冬季未检出甲烷。